Agueda Kahabagan
Philippine Hero or Filipino Hero: Agueda Kahabagan y Iniquinto is referred to in the few sources that mention her as "Henerala Agueda". Not so much is known about her but from snatches of information available, she was presumably a native of Sta. Cruz, Laguna. Henerala's bravery in battle was legendary. She was reportedly often seen in the battlefield dressed in white, armed with a rifle and brandishing a bolo. Apparently she was commissioned by General Miguel Malvar to lead a detachment of forces sometime in May 1897. She was mentioned in connection with the attack led by General Artemio Ricarte on the Spanish garrison in San Pablo in October 1897. It was most probably General Pio del Pilar who recommended that she be granted the honorary title of Henerala. In March 1899, she was listed as the only woman in the roster of generals of the Army of the Philippine Republic. She was appointed on January 4, 1899.
Juan Macapagal
Filipino Hero: Don Juan Macapagal, Datu of Arayat, was the great-grandson of the last ruling Lakandula of Tondo, Don Carlos. He was given the title Maestre de Campo General of the natives Arayat, Candaba and Apalit for his aid in suppressing the Kapampangan Revolt of 1660. He further aided the Spanish crown in suppressing the Pangasinan Revolt of Don Andres Malong in the same year, and the Ilocano Revolt of 1661.
Don Juan Macapagal is a direct ancestor of former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal and his daughter Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
Don Juan Macapagal is a direct ancestor of former Philippine President Diosdado Macapagal and his daughter Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
Stevan Javellana
Filipino Hero: Stevan Javellana (1918-1977) was a Filipino novelist and short-story writer in the English language. He is also known as Esteban Javellana.
Javellana was born in 1918 in San Mateo, Rizal. He fought as a guerrilla during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. After World War II, he graduated from the University of the Philippines College of Law in 1948. He stayed in the United States afterwards but he died in the Visayas in 1977 at the age of 59.
Javellana was the author of a best-selling war novel in the United States (U.S.) and Manila, Without Seeing the Dawn, published by Little, Brown and Company in Boston in 1947. His short stories were published in the Manila Times Magazine in the 1950s, among which are Two Tickets to Manila, The Sin of Father Anselmo, Sleeping Tablets, The Fifth Man, The Tree of Peace and Transition.
Without Seeing the Dawn is his only novel.
Javellana was born in 1918 in San Mateo, Rizal. He fought as a guerrilla during the Japanese invasion of the Philippines. After World War II, he graduated from the University of the Philippines College of Law in 1948. He stayed in the United States afterwards but he died in the Visayas in 1977 at the age of 59.
Javellana was the author of a best-selling war novel in the United States (U.S.) and Manila, Without Seeing the Dawn, published by Little, Brown and Company in Boston in 1947. His short stories were published in the Manila Times Magazine in the 1950s, among which are Two Tickets to Manila, The Sin of Father Anselmo, Sleeping Tablets, The Fifth Man, The Tree of Peace and Transition.
Without Seeing the Dawn is his only novel.
Dios Buhawi
Philippine Hero or Filipino Hero: Ponciano Elofre, later called Dios Buhawi (Hiligaynon, God of the Whirlwind), was a cabeza (Spanish, literally, "head") of a barangay in Zamboanguita in Negros Oriental, Philippines, and the leader of a politico-religious revolt in Negros in the late 19th century against the Spanish.
As early as 1887, Ponciano Elofre (Dios Buhawi) began his revolt when, as cabeza de barangay, he failed to collect all the taxes from his constituents. Spanish soldiers beat his father, Cris Elofre, to death in order to teach him a lesson. Thereafter, he rallied the people against the forced payment of taxes. Later, he included religious freedom as part of his agenda, and directed the celebration of the ancient rites of the babaylan (shaman), a revival of the religious leader of the pre-Spanish era. He and his followers were later called the babaylanes, which numbered about 2,000.
As early as 1887, Ponciano Elofre (Dios Buhawi) began his revolt when, as cabeza de barangay, he failed to collect all the taxes from his constituents. Spanish soldiers beat his father, Cris Elofre, to death in order to teach him a lesson. Thereafter, he rallied the people against the forced payment of taxes. Later, he included religious freedom as part of his agenda, and directed the celebration of the ancient rites of the babaylan (shaman), a revival of the religious leader of the pre-Spanish era. He and his followers were later called the babaylanes, which numbered about 2,000.
Abdulwahid Bidin
Filipino Hero (Bayaning Pilipino): Abdulwahid A. Bidin (April 7, 1925 — February 2, 1999) — was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines. Appointed by President Corazon Aquino in 1987, he was the first Muslim named to the Philippine High Bench.
Born in Tawi-Tawi, Bidin finished his high school education in Sulu. He fought with the resistance movement against the Japanese occupation during World War II. After the war, he pursued his college studies at the University of the Philippines as a government scholar, and eventually earned his law degree from the university's College of Law.
Bidin returned to Sulu and spent the next few years in private practice. From 1956 to 1959, he was an elected member of the Provincial Board of Sulu. Bidin first entered the judiciary in 1968, when he was appointed as a trial judge in Zamboanga City. He was cited by the Integrated Bar of the Philippines as the most outstanding trial court judge of 1979.
In 1983, Bidin was appointed to the Intermediate Appellate Court (since renamed as the Court of Appeals). He was an Associate Justice of the appellate court when he was elevated to the Supreme Court on January 12, 1987. Bidin served on the Supreme Court for eight years until he reached the mandatory retirement age of seventy in April 1995.
Bidin died four years after his retirement from the Court, on February 2, 1999.
Born in Tawi-Tawi, Bidin finished his high school education in Sulu. He fought with the resistance movement against the Japanese occupation during World War II. After the war, he pursued his college studies at the University of the Philippines as a government scholar, and eventually earned his law degree from the university's College of Law.
Bidin returned to Sulu and spent the next few years in private practice. From 1956 to 1959, he was an elected member of the Provincial Board of Sulu. Bidin first entered the judiciary in 1968, when he was appointed as a trial judge in Zamboanga City. He was cited by the Integrated Bar of the Philippines as the most outstanding trial court judge of 1979.
In 1983, Bidin was appointed to the Intermediate Appellate Court (since renamed as the Court of Appeals). He was an Associate Justice of the appellate court when he was elevated to the Supreme Court on January 12, 1987. Bidin served on the Supreme Court for eight years until he reached the mandatory retirement age of seventy in April 1995.
Bidin died four years after his retirement from the Court, on February 2, 1999.
Mariano Alvarez
Mariano Álvarez (March 15, 1818 – August 25, 1924) was a Filipino general and politician. An ally of Andres Bonifacio, he was designated Second Supremo of the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution.
Alvarez had been an active member of the Katipunan, the anti-Spanish secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1895. In early 1896, Álvarez was elected president of the Magdiwang faction. He helped facilitate growing membership of the Katipunan in Cavite. When the revolution burst in 1896, he led Filipino forces in several battles against the Spanish army in Cavite. His efforts helped liberate most towns in Cavite from Spanish control within weeks from the start of the revolt.
In December 1896, Bonifacio designated Álvarez as a general and the Second Supremo of the Katipunan, effectively the second-in-command of the group.
After losing an internal power struggle with Emilio Aguinaldo for command of the revolutionary forces, Bonifacio was executed in 1897. Alvarez was aggrieved by Bonifacio's death, and, like Emilio Jacinto, refused to join the forces of Aguinaldo, who had then retreated to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan.
Alvarez had been an active member of the Katipunan, the anti-Spanish secret society founded by Andres Bonifacio in 1895. In early 1896, Álvarez was elected president of the Magdiwang faction. He helped facilitate growing membership of the Katipunan in Cavite. When the revolution burst in 1896, he led Filipino forces in several battles against the Spanish army in Cavite. His efforts helped liberate most towns in Cavite from Spanish control within weeks from the start of the revolt.
In December 1896, Bonifacio designated Álvarez as a general and the Second Supremo of the Katipunan, effectively the second-in-command of the group.
After losing an internal power struggle with Emilio Aguinaldo for command of the revolutionary forces, Bonifacio was executed in 1897. Alvarez was aggrieved by Bonifacio's death, and, like Emilio Jacinto, refused to join the forces of Aguinaldo, who had then retreated to Biak-na-Bato in Bulacan.
Pedro Abad Santos
Pedro Abad Santos (31 January 1876 – 15 January 1945) was a Filipino doctor, lawyer, Marxist and politician who later became a leader of the first of two Philippine communist rebellions from the 1930s to the 1950s.
There are no extant evidence of his activities during the Philippine Revolution of 1896 but he was already a major in the revolutionary forces, under Gen. Maximino Hizon, during the Philippine-American War. He was eventually captured by the Americans and sentenced to 25 years imprisonment for his guerrilla activities. But his family, who hired the prominent American lawyer John Haussermann to defend him during his trial, was apparently able to secure a pardon.
In 1906, Pedro was admitted to the bar and began a legal career that followed the career paths of politicians of his generation. From 1907 to 1909, he served as justice of the peace in his hometown. He served as councilor of his hometown from January 1910 to March 1912. From 1916 to 1922, he represented the second district of Pampanga in the Philippine Assembly for two terms. In 1922, he was also a member of the Philippine Independence Mission to the United States, headed by Sergio Osmeña.
But in 1926, when his younger brother Jose was already an undersecretary in the Department of Justice of the American colonial government.
There are no extant evidence of his activities during the Philippine Revolution of 1896 but he was already a major in the revolutionary forces, under Gen. Maximino Hizon, during the Philippine-American War. He was eventually captured by the Americans and sentenced to 25 years imprisonment for his guerrilla activities. But his family, who hired the prominent American lawyer John Haussermann to defend him during his trial, was apparently able to secure a pardon.
In 1906, Pedro was admitted to the bar and began a legal career that followed the career paths of politicians of his generation. From 1907 to 1909, he served as justice of the peace in his hometown. He served as councilor of his hometown from January 1910 to March 1912. From 1916 to 1922, he represented the second district of Pampanga in the Philippine Assembly for two terms. In 1922, he was also a member of the Philippine Independence Mission to the United States, headed by Sergio Osmeña.
But in 1926, when his younger brother Jose was already an undersecretary in the Department of Justice of the American colonial government.
Magdalo
A faction of the Katipunan chapter in Cavite, mostly made up of illustrados of that province, that supported General Emilio Aguinaldo as leader of the Philippine Revolution. They argued for the replacement of the Katipunan by a revolutionary government. Majority, if not all, of the civil officers & military officials of the Filipino Republic came from this group. Aguinaldo ordered his men to kill Andres Bonifacio, saying that he was a traitor and that Andres Bonifacio was a great threat to their Society.
Gregorio Aglipay
Gregorio Labayan Aglipay (May 8, 1860 - September 1, 1940) was the first Filipino Supreme Bishop of the Philippine Independent Church.
Born in Batac City.Aglipay was an orphan who grew up in the tobacco fields in the last volatile decades of the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. He bore deep grievances against the Spanish, stemming from abuses within the agricultural system and the radical ecclesiastical reforms he championed.
Arrested at fourteen for not meeting his tobacco quota, he later moved to Manila to study law at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and at the University of Santo Tomas. After obtaining his degree, he then entered the seminary in Ilocos Sur in 1883 and was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood seven years later. He began a career as an assistant priest in various parishes around Luzon.
In spite of being a Catholic priest, Aglipay, like other Filipino revolutionaries, joined the Freemasons.
The Philippine Independent Church, later known as the Aglipayan Church, was announced in 1902 and in the next three decades, Aglipay fought for Filipino independence through the political process. He ran for the presidency of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, but lost to Manuel L. Quezon. He married D. Pilar Jamias y Ver in 1939 (the new church allows married clergy), but died the following year on September 1, 1940.
Born in Batac City.Aglipay was an orphan who grew up in the tobacco fields in the last volatile decades of the Spanish occupation of the Philippines. He bore deep grievances against the Spanish, stemming from abuses within the agricultural system and the radical ecclesiastical reforms he championed.
Arrested at fourteen for not meeting his tobacco quota, he later moved to Manila to study law at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and at the University of Santo Tomas. After obtaining his degree, he then entered the seminary in Ilocos Sur in 1883 and was ordained to the Roman Catholic priesthood seven years later. He began a career as an assistant priest in various parishes around Luzon.
In spite of being a Catholic priest, Aglipay, like other Filipino revolutionaries, joined the Freemasons.
The Philippine Independent Church, later known as the Aglipayan Church, was announced in 1902 and in the next three decades, Aglipay fought for Filipino independence through the political process. He ran for the presidency of the Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935, but lost to Manuel L. Quezon. He married D. Pilar Jamias y Ver in 1939 (the new church allows married clergy), but died the following year on September 1, 1940.
Baldomero Aguinaldo
Baldomero Aguinaldo y Baloy (February 27, 1869—February 4, 1915) was a leader of the Philippine Revolution. He was the first cousin of Emilio Aguinaldo, the first president of the Philippines, as well as the great grandfather of Cesar Virata, a former prime minister in the 1980s.
Baldomero Aguinaldo was born in Kawit, Cavite. He studied law at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila and was still a law student during the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution. He obtained a law degree, but failed to take the bar examination. Unable to practice law, he became a farmer.
Shortly after the outbreak of the revolution, Aguinaldo organized, along with his cousin Emilio, the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan in Kawit. He became president of the council. In the early days of hostilities, he always stayed at the side of his cousin Emilio. He fought in several bloody battles. He also led the Magdalo faction to the Katipunan which had it's headquarters in Kawit,Cavite.
Aguinaldo's knowledge of the law and administrative procedures made him a valuable asset to the revolutionary government. He was appointed to several cabinet positions, and was a signer of two important documents: The Biak-na-bato Constitution, and the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
During the Philippine-American War, Aguinaldo fought again, becoming commanding general of the revolutionary forces in the southern Luzon provinces. When hostilities ended in 1901, he retired to private life.
Aguinaldo died in Manila of heart failure and rheumatism at the age of 46.
Baldomero Aguinaldo was born in Kawit, Cavite. He studied law at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila and was still a law student during the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution. He obtained a law degree, but failed to take the bar examination. Unable to practice law, he became a farmer.
Shortly after the outbreak of the revolution, Aguinaldo organized, along with his cousin Emilio, the Magdalo faction of the Katipunan in Kawit. He became president of the council. In the early days of hostilities, he always stayed at the side of his cousin Emilio. He fought in several bloody battles. He also led the Magdalo faction to the Katipunan which had it's headquarters in Kawit,Cavite.
Aguinaldo's knowledge of the law and administrative procedures made him a valuable asset to the revolutionary government. He was appointed to several cabinet positions, and was a signer of two important documents: The Biak-na-bato Constitution, and the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
During the Philippine-American War, Aguinaldo fought again, becoming commanding general of the revolutionary forces in the southern Luzon provinces. When hostilities ended in 1901, he retired to private life.
Aguinaldo died in Manila of heart failure and rheumatism at the age of 46.
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