Alibata - Mariano Trías y Closas (October 12, 1868 – February 22, 1914) is considered to be the first de facto Philippine Vice President of that revolutionary government established at the Tejeros Convention - an assembly of Philippine revolutionary leaders that elected officials of the revolutionary movement against the colonial government of Spain. When that assembly broke into factions, a truce known as the Pact of Biak na Bato was signed by the group and also recognized the elected officials and Trias as the vice president of Emilio Aguinaldo, who is also considered to be the first President of the Philippines. With the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution by the Malolos Convention, the First Philippine Republic was born. Under this Aguinaldo administration, Trias served in the cabinet as the Minister of War and Finance.
When two councils of the Katipunan revolutionist came into existence (namely, the Sangguniang Bayang Magdiwang and the Sangguniang Bayang Magdalo), both factions set up their respective councils of leaders. Trias became the Minister of Justice and grace of the Magdiwang group.
He was married to María Concepción Ferrer with whom he had eight children.
The Filipino nation expressed its gratitude to General Trias, when the town of San Francisco de Malabon was renamed after him by virtue of Act No. 2880.
Royal Rangers
Royal Rangers is a worldwide movement of the Assemblies of God designed to provide young people with activities while providing them with religious instruction. A camping theme is at the heart of most activities, along with a merit award system whereby Royal Rangers must demonstrate specific knowledge and abilities. Since 1962, this program, developed originally by North Texas Youth Director Rev. John Henry "Johnnie" Barnes, has since spread from the Assemblies of God to many other denominations (notably the International Pentecostal Holiness Church) and from the United States to over 73 countries. Most of the sponsoring churches sponsor Royal Rangers as an alternative to more secular youth movements such as Scouting. Royal Rangers International and Royal Rangers America do not consider themselves as part of the Scouting movement, although Royal Rangers Germany does.
The Royal Rangers Emblem is a stylized compass rose containing points in three different colors: Red, Blue, and Gold. Each color has a different meaning.
Age groups In the United States, the boys in Royal Rangers are divided into four groups
Ranger Kids (Kindergarten-2nd Grade) Discovery Rangers (3rd Grade-5th Grade) Adventure Rangers (6th Grade-8th Grade) Expedition Rangers (9th Grade-12th Grade.
The Royal Rangers Emblem is a stylized compass rose containing points in three different colors: Red, Blue, and Gold. Each color has a different meaning.
Age groups In the United States, the boys in Royal Rangers are divided into four groups
Ranger Kids (Kindergarten-2nd Grade) Discovery Rangers (3rd Grade-5th Grade) Adventure Rangers (6th Grade-8th Grade) Expedition Rangers (9th Grade-12th Grade.
Basque Nationalist Party
The Basque Nationalist Party is a Basque nationalist party; as of 2007 is the largest political party in the Basque Autonomous Community. It led Basque regional government under the Spanish Second Republic and has done so again during the democratic decades following the rule of Francisco Franco.
In Basque it is called Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea (EAJ) and in Spanish it is called the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV). In Spain it is commonly referred to as EAJ-PNV. The French branch is the Parti Nationaliste Basque (PNB).The chairman of the EBB of EAJ-PNV is Iñigo Urkullu.
The youth wing of the Basque Nationalist Party is Euzko Gaztedi-EGI.
The party also has offices among the Basque diaspora, mainly Venezuela, Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay, Chile and the United States.
Initially, the Defence Committees in Biscay and Guipuzcoa were dominated by the Popular Front. Although with enough difficulties, Basque autonomy was granted within the Second Spanish Republic and the new Basque Government immediately organized the Basque Army, consisting of militias recruited by each of the political organizations, including PNV.
In Basque it is called Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea (EAJ) and in Spanish it is called the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV). In Spain it is commonly referred to as EAJ-PNV. The French branch is the Parti Nationaliste Basque (PNB).The chairman of the EBB of EAJ-PNV is Iñigo Urkullu.
The youth wing of the Basque Nationalist Party is Euzko Gaztedi-EGI.
The party also has offices among the Basque diaspora, mainly Venezuela, Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay, Chile and the United States.
Initially, the Defence Committees in Biscay and Guipuzcoa were dominated by the Popular Front. Although with enough difficulties, Basque autonomy was granted within the Second Spanish Republic and the new Basque Government immediately organized the Basque Army, consisting of militias recruited by each of the political organizations, including PNV.
Mariano Gómez
Reverend Father Mariano Gómez was born on the 2 of August,1799 in the suburb of Sta. Cruz, Manila. He had Chinese and Spanish ancestries. His parents were Francisco Gomez and Martina Guard. After studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán, he took theology in the University of Santo Tomás.
On June 2, 1824, he was designated the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite, aside from taking care of the spiritual necessities of the church of the town, he also taught to the agriculture and cottage industry. He also helped in maintaining a harmonious relation with his other priests. He fought for the rights of the Philippine priests against the Spanish abuses of friars.
The P. Gomez was accused of treason, sedition, and taking active part in the armed revolution of Cavite and given the sentence of death in a military court . He was sent to jail along with Fr. Jose Burgos, Fr. Jacinto Zamora, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and Maximo Paterno.and were executed on February 17.1872. They were more known as the three Filipino martyrs Gomburza. Father Gomez was active in the publication of the newspaper "La Verdad"("The Truth"). This paper served as a voice of the propagandists the Philippines against the Spanish colonizers. In the presence of a multitude people Father Gomez was put under the garrotte in Bagumbayan on 17 February, 1872.
On June 2, 1824, he was designated the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite, aside from taking care of the spiritual necessities of the church of the town, he also taught to the agriculture and cottage industry. He also helped in maintaining a harmonious relation with his other priests. He fought for the rights of the Philippine priests against the Spanish abuses of friars.
The P. Gomez was accused of treason, sedition, and taking active part in the armed revolution of Cavite and given the sentence of death in a military court . He was sent to jail along with Fr. Jose Burgos, Fr. Jacinto Zamora, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and Maximo Paterno.and were executed on February 17.1872. They were more known as the three Filipino martyrs Gomburza. Father Gomez was active in the publication of the newspaper "La Verdad"("The Truth"). This paper served as a voice of the propagandists the Philippines against the Spanish colonizers. In the presence of a multitude people Father Gomez was put under the garrotte in Bagumbayan on 17 February, 1872.
Gomburza
Gomburza or GOMBURZA is an acronym for Fathers Mariano Gómez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests who were executed on February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan in Manila, Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite Mutiny. Their execution left a profound effect on many Filipinos; José Rizal, the national hero, would dedicate his novel Noli Me Tangere to their memory.
The uprising by workers in the Cavite Naval Yard was the pretext needed by the authorities to redress a perceived humiliation from the principal objective, Father Jose Burgos, who threatened the established order.
The so-called Cavite Mutiny of workers in the arsenal of the naval shipyard over pay reduction owing to increased taxation produced a willing witness to implicate the three priests, who were summarily tried and sentenced to death by garrote. The bodies of the three priests were buried in a common, unmarked grave in the Paco Cemetery, in keeping with the practice of burying enemies of the state.[2] Significantly, in the archives of Spain, there is no record of how Izquierdo, himself a liberal, could have been influenced to authorize these executions. The aftermath of the investigation produced scores of suspects most of whom were exiled to Guam in the Marianas. Except for a few who managed to escape to other ports like Hong Kong, most died there.
The uprising by workers in the Cavite Naval Yard was the pretext needed by the authorities to redress a perceived humiliation from the principal objective, Father Jose Burgos, who threatened the established order.
The so-called Cavite Mutiny of workers in the arsenal of the naval shipyard over pay reduction owing to increased taxation produced a willing witness to implicate the three priests, who were summarily tried and sentenced to death by garrote. The bodies of the three priests were buried in a common, unmarked grave in the Paco Cemetery, in keeping with the practice of burying enemies of the state.[2] Significantly, in the archives of Spain, there is no record of how Izquierdo, himself a liberal, could have been influenced to authorize these executions. The aftermath of the investigation produced scores of suspects most of whom were exiled to Guam in the Marianas. Except for a few who managed to escape to other ports like Hong Kong, most died there.
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
Benigno Servillano A. Aquino, Jr. (November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983), popularly known as Ninoy Aquino, was a Philippine senator and a leading oppositionist to the autocratic rule of Ferdinand Marcos. He was assassinated at the Manila International Airport (now named the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor) upon returning home from exile in the United States. His death catapulted his widow, Corazon Aquino, to the limelight and the presidency, subsequently replacing the 20-year-old Marcos regime.
Benigno Aquino was no stranger to Philippine politics. He came from a family that had been involved with some of the country's political heavyweights. His grandfather served under President Aguinaldo while his father held office under Presidents Manuel Quezon and Jose P. Laurel. Benigno Aquino became the youngest municipal mayor at age 22, and the nation's youngest vice-governor at 27. He became governor of Tarlac province in 1961 at age 29, then secretary-general of the Liberal Party in 1966. In 1967 he made history by becoming the youngest elected senator in the country's history at age 34. He was the only "survivor" of the Liberal Party who made it to the senate, where he was inevitably singled out by Marcos and his allies as their greatest threat. In 1968, during his first year in the Upper House, Aquino warned that Marcos was on the road to establishing "a garrison state" by "ballooning the armed forces budget", saddling the defense establishment with "overstaying generals" and "militarizing our civilian government offices"--all these caveats were uttered barely four years before martial law.
Benigno Aquino was no stranger to Philippine politics. He came from a family that had been involved with some of the country's political heavyweights. His grandfather served under President Aguinaldo while his father held office under Presidents Manuel Quezon and Jose P. Laurel. Benigno Aquino became the youngest municipal mayor at age 22, and the nation's youngest vice-governor at 27. He became governor of Tarlac province in 1961 at age 29, then secretary-general of the Liberal Party in 1966. In 1967 he made history by becoming the youngest elected senator in the country's history at age 34. He was the only "survivor" of the Liberal Party who made it to the senate, where he was inevitably singled out by Marcos and his allies as their greatest threat. In 1968, during his first year in the Upper House, Aquino warned that Marcos was on the road to establishing "a garrison state" by "ballooning the armed forces budget", saddling the defense establishment with "overstaying generals" and "militarizing our civilian government offices"--all these caveats were uttered barely four years before martial law.
Coptic orphans
Coptic Orphans (CO) is a non-profit organization founded in 1989 with the goal of the long-term development of the physical and intellectual well being of children in Egypt. Every year it help hundreds of needy children and their families financially, intellectually and socially.
Coptic Orphans exists to improve the lives of orphans and other vulnerable children in Egypt by providing basic needs, education, and mentoring so that they may realize their potential to become productive members of society. Coptic Orphans also exists to raise awareness about poverty in Egypt and promote cultural understanding.
Since its inception, Coptic Orphans has assisted over 10,500 children through the Not Alone program, bringing educational, nutritional, and social support to children who would otherwise have limited to none of these options. Through this program, child advocates and reps are made available to families in order to both, create awareness of, and to take advantage of their rights, such as those that relate to pensions, literacy classes, and other community activities available to them in the area. Children who enter the Not Alone program remain in the program until they graduate from high school or university, for which they are also given different forms of assistance.
The Serve to Learn program allows volunteers from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia to serve in high-poverty areas of Egypt, such as Beni-suef, Matay, King Mariut, Qus/Nekada and other by volunteering to teach English summer courses to children.
Coptic Orphans exists to improve the lives of orphans and other vulnerable children in Egypt by providing basic needs, education, and mentoring so that they may realize their potential to become productive members of society. Coptic Orphans also exists to raise awareness about poverty in Egypt and promote cultural understanding.
Since its inception, Coptic Orphans has assisted over 10,500 children through the Not Alone program, bringing educational, nutritional, and social support to children who would otherwise have limited to none of these options. Through this program, child advocates and reps are made available to families in order to both, create awareness of, and to take advantage of their rights, such as those that relate to pensions, literacy classes, and other community activities available to them in the area. Children who enter the Not Alone program remain in the program until they graduate from high school or university, for which they are also given different forms of assistance.
The Serve to Learn program allows volunteers from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia to serve in high-poverty areas of Egypt, such as Beni-suef, Matay, King Mariut, Qus/Nekada and other by volunteering to teach English summer courses to children.
CommonAction
CommonAction, founded in 2005, is a U.S. nonprofit organization promoting civic engagement for youth throughout society based in Olympia, Washington. Their programs, operating in Washington State, New York State, Florida, and Alberta, Canada, include The Freechild Project and SoundOut.
The mission of CommonAction is to create uncommon solutions to common problems by engaging young people and adults together for democracy. In order to accomplish this mission, CommonAction offers programs that provide training, tools, and technical assistance to community organizations, foundations, schools, and individual youth and adults. Topics addressed in these programs include youth voice, student voice, youth participation, and youth rights among others.
CommonAction is presided over by a Board of Directors, and supported by Advisory Boards, and staff members. Currently, the Board of Directors includes James Livengood, Jessica Vavrus, Kari Kunst, Adrienne Wiley-Thomas, Patricia Finnegan, Sarah Rich, and Doug Smith.
Adam Fletcher is the Executive Director of CommonAction. has worked in youth-serving nonprofit organizations, including AmeriCorps, the Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Points of Light Foundation, and the Corporation for National and Community Service, since 1997.
Fletcher is a recognized international authority on youth. The United States Department of Education has cited Fletcher's work related to student voice, along with state education agencies and national education associations, as well as by independent education experts. Additionally, Fletcher has been cited for his work with focused on youth engagement in social change. Fletcher has been featured in one newspaper, and is quoted on a variety of youth issues by magazines, newspapers across the country, and youth themselves.
At present Fletcher also serves as a contributing editor to the academic journal Review of Education, Pedagogy and Cultural Studies and on boards for the Generation Y Foundation and the National Youth Rights Association.
The mission of CommonAction is to create uncommon solutions to common problems by engaging young people and adults together for democracy. In order to accomplish this mission, CommonAction offers programs that provide training, tools, and technical assistance to community organizations, foundations, schools, and individual youth and adults. Topics addressed in these programs include youth voice, student voice, youth participation, and youth rights among others.
CommonAction is presided over by a Board of Directors, and supported by Advisory Boards, and staff members. Currently, the Board of Directors includes James Livengood, Jessica Vavrus, Kari Kunst, Adrienne Wiley-Thomas, Patricia Finnegan, Sarah Rich, and Doug Smith.
Adam Fletcher is the Executive Director of CommonAction. has worked in youth-serving nonprofit organizations, including AmeriCorps, the Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Points of Light Foundation, and the Corporation for National and Community Service, since 1997.
Fletcher is a recognized international authority on youth. The United States Department of Education has cited Fletcher's work related to student voice, along with state education agencies and national education associations, as well as by independent education experts. Additionally, Fletcher has been cited for his work with focused on youth engagement in social change. Fletcher has been featured in one newspaper, and is quoted on a variety of youth issues by magazines, newspapers across the country, and youth themselves.
At present Fletcher also serves as a contributing editor to the academic journal Review of Education, Pedagogy and Cultural Studies and on boards for the Generation Y Foundation and the National Youth Rights Association.
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Graciano Lopez Jaena' - On December 18, 1856, saw the birth of Graciano López Jaena in Jaro, Iloilo to Placido López and Maria Jacoba Jaena. His parents were poor, as his mother was a seamstress and his father, a general repairman. His father, however, had been to school and his mother was quite religious. At the age of six, young Graciano was placed under the watch of Father Francisco Jayme who noted his intellectual promise, especially his gift of speech.
His mother, feeling that the priesthood was the most noble of occupations and sent him to the Seminario de San Vicente Ferrer in Jaro which had been opened under the brief liberal administration of Governor General Carlos de la Torre. Here again, his talents were noted. While studying at this seminary, López Jaena served as a secretary to an uncle, Claudio López who was honorary vice consul of Portugal in Iloilo. He even took charge of some minor matters that were brought to that office.
Unfortunately, Lopez Jaena died of tuberculosis on January 20, 1896. His death was followed on July 4th by Marcelo H. del Pilar and on December 30th of José Rizal by firing squad, thus ending the great triumvirate of propagandists. He died in poverty just shy of his fortieth birthday and two and a half years before the declaration of independence from Spain by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Keep in Mind: propagandists are those who resided in Spain to write against the Spaniards. They tried to alert the King and Queen of Spain but not much read La Solidaridad for it had only been published in small areas due to the scarcity of money of the Filipinos. La Solidaridad was the voice of the Filipinos. The one that spoke for them to another nation.
His mother, feeling that the priesthood was the most noble of occupations and sent him to the Seminario de San Vicente Ferrer in Jaro which had been opened under the brief liberal administration of Governor General Carlos de la Torre. Here again, his talents were noted. While studying at this seminary, López Jaena served as a secretary to an uncle, Claudio López who was honorary vice consul of Portugal in Iloilo. He even took charge of some minor matters that were brought to that office.
Unfortunately, Lopez Jaena died of tuberculosis on January 20, 1896. His death was followed on July 4th by Marcelo H. del Pilar and on December 30th of José Rizal by firing squad, thus ending the great triumvirate of propagandists. He died in poverty just shy of his fortieth birthday and two and a half years before the declaration of independence from Spain by Emilio Aguinaldo.
Keep in Mind: propagandists are those who resided in Spain to write against the Spaniards. They tried to alert the King and Queen of Spain but not much read La Solidaridad for it had only been published in small areas due to the scarcity of money of the Filipinos. La Solidaridad was the voice of the Filipinos. The one that spoke for them to another nation.
Teodoro Plata
Teodoro Plata (died February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot who was among those who founded the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.
He met Andres Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who was then a law student at the University of Santo Tomas. Bonifacio, Diwa and Plata were all freemasons who were inspired by the nationalistic objectives of the Propaganda Movement in Europe.
Plata was a member of La Liga Filipina, which was founded by Jose Rizal to push for reforms in the Spanish colonial administration. But he agreed with Bonifacio and Diwa who believed that the time was ripe for an armed uprising against Spain.
On July 6, 1892, upon learning of Rizal's deportation to Dapitan in Mindanao, Plata, Bonifacio and Diwa decided to form a secret society to prepare for a revolution against Spain. The following day, they met with their friends and fellow freemasons Deodato Arellano, Valentin Diaz and Jose Dizon at a house in Tondo and established the Katipunan.
In 1892, he served as the secretary of the secret society with Arellano as president, Bonifacio as comptroller, Diwa as fiscal, and Diaz as treasurer.
In 1893, under the presidency of Roman Basa, Plata served as councilor and it was at this time that the society organized a women's auxiliary section. One of its first members was Plata's cousin Gregoria de Jesus, who wrote in her autobiography that Plata was Bonifacio's constant companion when he would call at their house in Caloocan to court her.
He met Andres Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who was then a law student at the University of Santo Tomas. Bonifacio, Diwa and Plata were all freemasons who were inspired by the nationalistic objectives of the Propaganda Movement in Europe.
Plata was a member of La Liga Filipina, which was founded by Jose Rizal to push for reforms in the Spanish colonial administration. But he agreed with Bonifacio and Diwa who believed that the time was ripe for an armed uprising against Spain.
On July 6, 1892, upon learning of Rizal's deportation to Dapitan in Mindanao, Plata, Bonifacio and Diwa decided to form a secret society to prepare for a revolution against Spain. The following day, they met with their friends and fellow freemasons Deodato Arellano, Valentin Diaz and Jose Dizon at a house in Tondo and established the Katipunan.
In 1892, he served as the secretary of the secret society with Arellano as president, Bonifacio as comptroller, Diwa as fiscal, and Diaz as treasurer.
In 1893, under the presidency of Roman Basa, Plata served as councilor and it was at this time that the society organized a women's auxiliary section. One of its first members was Plata's cousin Gregoria de Jesus, who wrote in her autobiography that Plata was Bonifacio's constant companion when he would call at their house in Caloocan to court her.
Youth for Equality
Youth for Equality (YFE) is an Indian organization involved with the 2006 anti-reservation protests, working to counter the Government of India's move to implement 27% reservation for Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in institutes of higher education (twenty central universities, the IITs, IIMs and 9 premier medical colleges like AIIMS and JIPMER).
On April 5, 2006, Human Resources Development minister of India, Arjun Singh, announced to the media that the government intended to introduce reservations for OBCs by 27% in central colleges, including IITs, IIMs, AIIMS, MAMC, JIPMER, JNU, Delhi University, and many others. Youth for Equality was conceived by students at University College of Medical Sciences expressing discontent over the proposal; other founding members include students from AIIMS, LHMC (Lady Hardinge Medical College), VMMC (Vardhman Mahavir Medical College) and MAMC (Maulana Azad Medical College). later different chapters of YFE like YFE DU were made and these institutions carried forward the movement on social and legal fronts like filling writ petition in supreme court and running school for kids from underprivileged section in DU campus.
As of June 2006, YFE's website states that it has over 16,000 members, and links to 12 regional chapter weblogs. The group's membership includes medical students and professionals, students at public and private colleges (including IITs, IIMs and JNU), parents of students, Residents' Welfare Associations (RWAs) (under the banner of United Residents Joint Action), and corporate bodies.
On April 5, 2006, Human Resources Development minister of India, Arjun Singh, announced to the media that the government intended to introduce reservations for OBCs by 27% in central colleges, including IITs, IIMs, AIIMS, MAMC, JIPMER, JNU, Delhi University, and many others. Youth for Equality was conceived by students at University College of Medical Sciences expressing discontent over the proposal; other founding members include students from AIIMS, LHMC (Lady Hardinge Medical College), VMMC (Vardhman Mahavir Medical College) and MAMC (Maulana Azad Medical College). later different chapters of YFE like YFE DU were made and these institutions carried forward the movement on social and legal fronts like filling writ petition in supreme court and running school for kids from underprivileged section in DU campus.
As of June 2006, YFE's website states that it has over 16,000 members, and links to 12 regional chapter weblogs. The group's membership includes medical students and professionals, students at public and private colleges (including IITs, IIMs and JNU), parents of students, Residents' Welfare Associations (RWAs) (under the banner of United Residents Joint Action), and corporate bodies.
Youth Service America
Youth Service America, or YSA, is a resource center that partners with thousands of organizations committed to increasing the quality and quantity of volunteer opportunities for young people, ages 5-25, to serve locally, nationally, and globally." YSA has a reputation for supporting and promoting youth voice, youth service, and service-learning through advocacy and resource sharing. Steve Culbertson is the President & CEO.
Founded in 1986, Youth Service America’s mission is to expand the impact of the youth service movement with communities, schools, corporations, and governments. With programs focused on young people ages 5-25, Youth Service America envisions a global culture of engaged youth who are committed to a lifetime of service, learning, leadership, and achievement.
According to research by Independent Sector and Youth Service America (Toppe; Golombek), youth service is a fundamental correlative to lifelong volunteerism and philanthropy as adults. Americans gave $260 billion to charity in 2005, and most of these donors are also volunteers for various health, education, human service, and environmental causes. Surveys show the majority of these volunteers started the practice as children.
With the support of the State Farm Companies Foundation and PARADE Magazine, Youth Service America organizes National & Global Youth Service Day, a public education campaign to highlight the amazing contributions that young people make to their communities 365 days of the year. As the largest service event in the world and YSA's premier program, it draws together a remarkable consortium of local, regional, national, and international partners. Working with Global Youth Action Network, YSA developed Global Youth Service Day program in 2000, now coordinating the event in more than 100 countries.
Founded in 1986, Youth Service America’s mission is to expand the impact of the youth service movement with communities, schools, corporations, and governments. With programs focused on young people ages 5-25, Youth Service America envisions a global culture of engaged youth who are committed to a lifetime of service, learning, leadership, and achievement.
According to research by Independent Sector and Youth Service America (Toppe; Golombek), youth service is a fundamental correlative to lifelong volunteerism and philanthropy as adults. Americans gave $260 billion to charity in 2005, and most of these donors are also volunteers for various health, education, human service, and environmental causes. Surveys show the majority of these volunteers started the practice as children.
With the support of the State Farm Companies Foundation and PARADE Magazine, Youth Service America organizes National & Global Youth Service Day, a public education campaign to highlight the amazing contributions that young people make to their communities 365 days of the year. As the largest service event in the world and YSA's premier program, it draws together a remarkable consortium of local, regional, national, and international partners. Working with Global Youth Action Network, YSA developed Global Youth Service Day program in 2000, now coordinating the event in more than 100 countries.
American Youth Congress
American Youth Congress (AYC) was an early youth voice organization composed of youth from all across the country to discuss the problems facing youth as a whole in the 1930's. It met several years in a row - one year it notably met on the lawn of the White House. The delegates are known to have caused a disturbance when they attempted to access the United States Congress. They focused on the draft, which was taking youths at age 18 off to war. At the time in the United States one was not legally an adult in any way until one was 21. They also focused on the economic exploitation of youth.
The formation of the AYC is also widely seen as a precursor to the establishment of the National Youth Administration. Both the AYC and the NYA are notable for the support which First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt lent to them.
The American Youth Congress, or AYC, was formed in 1935 to advocate for youth rights in U.S. politics, and was responsible for introducing the American Youth Bill of Rights to the U.S. Congress. This organization's strong relationship with the Roosevelt Administration led its leader, Joseph P. Lash to later describe the AYC as "a student brain of the New Deal." First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt's relationship with the American Youth Congress eventually led to the formation of the National Youth Administration. Speaking of the National Youth Administration in the 1930s, Eleanor Roosevelt expressed her concern about ageism, stating that "I live in real terror when I think we may be losing this generation. We have got to bring these young people into the active life of the community and make them feel that they are necessary."
On July 4, 1936, the AYC issued a Declaration of the Rights of American Youth, which addressed several issues, mainly inalienable rights issues that affected youth, and the economic issues. By 1939 the movement claimed 4,697,915 members in 513 affiliated organizations nationwide. The same year the Dies Committee subpeaned leaders of the AYC, consisting of a core from the Young Communist League. Eleanor Roosevelt was in attendance at the hearings and afterwards invited the subpoenaed witnesses to board at the White House during their stay in Washington D.C.
The formation of the AYC is also widely seen as a precursor to the establishment of the National Youth Administration. Both the AYC and the NYA are notable for the support which First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt lent to them.
The American Youth Congress, or AYC, was formed in 1935 to advocate for youth rights in U.S. politics, and was responsible for introducing the American Youth Bill of Rights to the U.S. Congress. This organization's strong relationship with the Roosevelt Administration led its leader, Joseph P. Lash to later describe the AYC as "a student brain of the New Deal." First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt's relationship with the American Youth Congress eventually led to the formation of the National Youth Administration. Speaking of the National Youth Administration in the 1930s, Eleanor Roosevelt expressed her concern about ageism, stating that "I live in real terror when I think we may be losing this generation. We have got to bring these young people into the active life of the community and make them feel that they are necessary."
On July 4, 1936, the AYC issued a Declaration of the Rights of American Youth, which addressed several issues, mainly inalienable rights issues that affected youth, and the economic issues. By 1939 the movement claimed 4,697,915 members in 513 affiliated organizations nationwide. The same year the Dies Committee subpeaned leaders of the AYC, consisting of a core from the Young Communist League. Eleanor Roosevelt was in attendance at the hearings and afterwards invited the subpoenaed witnesses to board at the White House during their stay in Washington D.C.
Ladislao Diwa
Ladislao Diwa y Nocon (June 27, 1863-March 12, 1930) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that initiated the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.
He was born in San Roque, Cavite to Mariano Diwa and Cecilia Nocon and was educated at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and later studied for the priesthood at the University of Santo Tomas. But he had to abandon his ecclesiastical studies just before his ordination because of his father's strenuous objections.
He studied law instead and it was while he was studying law that Diwa met Andres Bonifacio who often distributed propaganda material, authored by Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar during the Propaganda Movement in Spain, inside the university campus. The two became close friends and Diwa later boarded with Teodoro Plata at Bonifacio's house in Tondo, Manila.
Adopting the symbolic name Balete, Diwa formed the Katipunan's first triangle with Bonifacio and Plata and became the society's fiscal. He later formed a triangle of his own with Roman Basa and Teodoro Gonzales, who would respectively become president and councilor of the Katipunan's supreme council. The following year, Diwa continued to serve as councilor.
Diwa contributed to the Katipunan's expansion to the countryside because of his transfer to the court of a justice of the peace in Pampanga province. Katipuneros in Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija claim to have been inducted into the Katipunan by Diwa himself. One of the most notable was Francisco Macabulos, who would become one of the most successful Filipino generals of the revolution.
He was born in San Roque, Cavite to Mariano Diwa and Cecilia Nocon and was educated at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran and later studied for the priesthood at the University of Santo Tomas. But he had to abandon his ecclesiastical studies just before his ordination because of his father's strenuous objections.
He studied law instead and it was while he was studying law that Diwa met Andres Bonifacio who often distributed propaganda material, authored by Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar during the Propaganda Movement in Spain, inside the university campus. The two became close friends and Diwa later boarded with Teodoro Plata at Bonifacio's house in Tondo, Manila.
Adopting the symbolic name Balete, Diwa formed the Katipunan's first triangle with Bonifacio and Plata and became the society's fiscal. He later formed a triangle of his own with Roman Basa and Teodoro Gonzales, who would respectively become president and councilor of the Katipunan's supreme council. The following year, Diwa continued to serve as councilor.
Diwa contributed to the Katipunan's expansion to the countryside because of his transfer to the court of a justice of the peace in Pampanga province. Katipuneros in Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija claim to have been inducted into the Katipunan by Diwa himself. One of the most notable was Francisco Macabulos, who would become one of the most successful Filipino generals of the revolution.
Deodato Arellano
Deodato Arellano (July 26, 1844-October 7, 1899) was a Filipino patriot who was among the founders of the Katipunan that started the Philippine Revolution against Spain.
He was born in Bulacan, Bulacan to Juan and Mamerta de la Cruz, who changed their family name to Arellano when the Spanish colonial government decreed in 1849 that Filipinos should change their names with ones picked from a Madrid directory. Arellano studied bookkeeping at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now Ateneo de Manila University) and later worked as assistant clerk at the arsenal of the colonial army in Manila. He was married to Hilaria del Pilar, a sister of Marcelo H. del Pilar.
Along with del Pilar, Arellano was an active freemason. He also solicited funds for Filipino expatriates in Spain when del Pilar had to flee to Spain because of allegedly subversive articles that appeared in the newspaper that del Pilar published, Diariong Tagalog (Tagalog Newspaper), in the Philippines.
In 1892, Arellano and other freemasons, like Andres Bonifacio, joined La Liga Filipina, which was founded by Jose Rizal upon his return to the country. Arellano was elected La Liga secretary but Rizal was deported to Dapitan in Mindanao a few days later.
On July 7, 1892, when the government announced Rizal's deportation, Arellano, Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz and Jose Dizon founded the Katipunan. He was elected the first president of its supreme council.
He was born in Bulacan, Bulacan to Juan and Mamerta de la Cruz, who changed their family name to Arellano when the Spanish colonial government decreed in 1849 that Filipinos should change their names with ones picked from a Madrid directory. Arellano studied bookkeeping at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila (now Ateneo de Manila University) and later worked as assistant clerk at the arsenal of the colonial army in Manila. He was married to Hilaria del Pilar, a sister of Marcelo H. del Pilar.
Along with del Pilar, Arellano was an active freemason. He also solicited funds for Filipino expatriates in Spain when del Pilar had to flee to Spain because of allegedly subversive articles that appeared in the newspaper that del Pilar published, Diariong Tagalog (Tagalog Newspaper), in the Philippines.
In 1892, Arellano and other freemasons, like Andres Bonifacio, joined La Liga Filipina, which was founded by Jose Rizal upon his return to the country. Arellano was elected La Liga secretary but Rizal was deported to Dapitan in Mindanao a few days later.
On July 7, 1892, when the government announced Rizal's deportation, Arellano, Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa, Teodoro Plata, Valentin Diaz and Jose Dizon founded the Katipunan. He was elected the first president of its supreme council.
Armenian Youth Federation
The Armenian Youth Federation (AYF) (Armenian: Հայ Երիտասարդաց Դաշնակցութիւն) is an Armenian youth movement founded in Boston, Massachusetts in 1933 by Garegin Njdeh. It serves as the youth organization of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF). The five pillars that guide its activities are: Educational, Political, Social, Athletic, and Cultural.
In the late 1980s and the early 1990s the AYF found a new challenge: Nagorno-Karabakh. In 1988 the struggle for independence in the Karabagh region started. AYF became involved in fund raising activities to supply much-needed funds to the people in Karabakh. Even after the independence of Nagorno-Karabagh in 1991 and the cease-fire in 1993, the AYF continued to help the region. In 1994 the AYF Western Region decided to create a program, called the AYF Youth Corps, that sent about ten youths that year and continues to send up to 15 each summer. The mission of the Youth Corps is to help rebuild schools, camps, churches, etc. in the various regions of Nagorno-Karabakh.
On January 14, 1933, which is marked as the founding date of the Armenian Youth Federation, the ARF Central Committee of America decided to create a national youth organization by combining the existing ones and setting up new chapters where such groups did not exist. After the decision was made an invitation was sent to representatives of interested youth groups on the East Coast to join a conference on Sunday, July 16, 1933, in the old Hairenik Hall in Boston. The conference was to discuss the unification of the interested youth groups.
In the late 1980s and the early 1990s the AYF found a new challenge: Nagorno-Karabakh. In 1988 the struggle for independence in the Karabagh region started. AYF became involved in fund raising activities to supply much-needed funds to the people in Karabakh. Even after the independence of Nagorno-Karabagh in 1991 and the cease-fire in 1993, the AYF continued to help the region. In 1994 the AYF Western Region decided to create a program, called the AYF Youth Corps, that sent about ten youths that year and continues to send up to 15 each summer. The mission of the Youth Corps is to help rebuild schools, camps, churches, etc. in the various regions of Nagorno-Karabakh.
On January 14, 1933, which is marked as the founding date of the Armenian Youth Federation, the ARF Central Committee of America decided to create a national youth organization by combining the existing ones and setting up new chapters where such groups did not exist. After the decision was made an invitation was sent to representatives of interested youth groups on the East Coast to join a conference on Sunday, July 16, 1933, in the old Hairenik Hall in Boston. The conference was to discuss the unification of the interested youth groups.
Australian Air League
The Australian Air League is a not-for-profit, civilian operated aviation youth organisation in Australia. Its objective is to encourage the spirit of aviation and air-mindedness in the youth of Australia. Its Latin motto is A Vinculo Terrae (Free From the Bonds of The Earth).
As a not for profit organisation, the Australian Air League relies on the help of a network of volunteers to carry out the various tasks which need to be fulfilled in order for the organisation to exist.
Coming from a wide range of backgrounds, these volunteers bring a variety of different skills to the League and contribute by joining the League as either an associate or League member, from where then can play a vital role in the operation of various levels of the league.
Associate membership provides a way for adults to join as non-uniformed, but financial, members of the League. Associate members are eligible to serve on the Squadron 'Branch Committee' or 'Parents Association', from where they can directly assist the squadron by helping to keep track of the Squadrons finances and co-ordinating fund-raising activities.
Associate members are also eligible to participate in most functions and activities that are open to uniformed members.
As a not for profit organisation, the Australian Air League relies on the help of a network of volunteers to carry out the various tasks which need to be fulfilled in order for the organisation to exist.
Coming from a wide range of backgrounds, these volunteers bring a variety of different skills to the League and contribute by joining the League as either an associate or League member, from where then can play a vital role in the operation of various levels of the league.
Associate membership provides a way for adults to join as non-uniformed, but financial, members of the League. Associate members are eligible to serve on the Squadron 'Branch Committee' or 'Parents Association', from where they can directly assist the squadron by helping to keep track of the Squadrons finances and co-ordinating fund-raising activities.
Associate members are also eligible to participate in most functions and activities that are open to uniformed members.
Marcelo H. del Pilar
Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitan (August 30, 1850—July 4, 1896) was a celebrated figure in the Philippine Revolution and a leading propagandist for reforms in the Philippines. Popularly known as Plaridel, he was the editor and co-publisher of La Solidaridad. He tried to marshal the nationalist sentiment of the enlightened Filipino ilustrados, or bourgeoisie, against Spanish imperialism.
Marcelo Hilario was born in Cupang (now Barangay San Nicolas, Bulacan, Bulacan, on August 30, 1850, to cultured parents Julián del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaytan. He studied at the Colegio de San José and later at the University of Santo Tomas, where he finished his law course in 1880.
Fired by a sense of justice against the abuses of the clergy, del Pilar attacked bigotry and hypocrisy and defended in court the impoverished victims of racial discrimination. He preached the gospel of work, self-respect, and human dignity. His mastery of Tagalog, his native language, enabled him to arouse the consciousness of the masses to the need for unity and sustained resistance against the Spanish tyrants.
In 1882, del Pilar founded the newspaper Diariong Tagalog to propagate democratic liberal ideas among the farmers and peasants. In 1888, he defended José Rizal's polemical writings by issuing a pamphlet against a priest's attack, exhibiting his deadly wit and savage ridicule of clerical follies.
Plaridel’s ideology of truth, fairness and impartiality is anchored on democratic principles, as these are the bastions of a society acceptable to all Filipinos.
Marcelo Hilario was born in Cupang (now Barangay San Nicolas, Bulacan, Bulacan, on August 30, 1850, to cultured parents Julián del Pilar and Blasa Gatmaytan. He studied at the Colegio de San José and later at the University of Santo Tomas, where he finished his law course in 1880.
Fired by a sense of justice against the abuses of the clergy, del Pilar attacked bigotry and hypocrisy and defended in court the impoverished victims of racial discrimination. He preached the gospel of work, self-respect, and human dignity. His mastery of Tagalog, his native language, enabled him to arouse the consciousness of the masses to the need for unity and sustained resistance against the Spanish tyrants.
In 1882, del Pilar founded the newspaper Diariong Tagalog to propagate democratic liberal ideas among the farmers and peasants. In 1888, he defended José Rizal's polemical writings by issuing a pamphlet against a priest's attack, exhibiting his deadly wit and savage ridicule of clerical follies.
Plaridel’s ideology of truth, fairness and impartiality is anchored on democratic principles, as these are the bastions of a society acceptable to all Filipinos.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869 – February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role in Philippine independence during the Philippine Revolution against Spain and the Philippine-American War that resisted American occupation. He eventually pledged his allegiance to the US government.
In the Philippines, Aguinaldo is considered to be the country's first and the youngest Philippine President, though his government failed to obtain any foreign recognition.
In 1895, Aguinaldo joined the Katipunan rebellion, a secret organization then led by Andrés Bonifacio, dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish and independence of the Philippines through armed force. He joined as a lieutenant under Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo and rose to the rank of general in a few months. 30,000 members of the Katipunan launched an attack against the Spanish colonizers in the same week. Only one general, Emilio Aguinaldo, successfully launched an attack with his troops. With the Katipunan, he helped the Philippines erupt in revolt against the Spaniards in 1896. He won major victories in Cavite Province, temporarily driving the Spanish out of the area. However, renewed Spanish military pressure compelled the rebels to restructure their forces in a more cohesive manner. The insulated fragmentation that had aided the Katipunan's secrecy had outlived its usefulness. In open war, unified leadership was required.
His first marriage was in 1896 with Hilaria Del Rosario(1877-1921), and they had five children (Miguel, Carmen, Emilio Jr., Maria and Cristina). His second wife was Maria Agoncillo
Several of Aguinaldo's descendants became prominent political figures in their own right. A grandnephew, Cesar Virata, served as Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986. Aguinaldo's granddaughter, Ameurfina Melencio Herrera, served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1979 until 1992. His great-grandson, Joseph Emilio Abaya, was elected House of Representatives to the 13th and 14th Congress, representing the 1st District of Cavite. The present mayor of Kawit, Cavite, Reynaldo Aguinaldo, is a grandson of the former president, while the vice-mayor, Emilio "Orange" Aguinaldo IV, is a great-grandson.
In the Philippines, Aguinaldo is considered to be the country's first and the youngest Philippine President, though his government failed to obtain any foreign recognition.
In 1895, Aguinaldo joined the Katipunan rebellion, a secret organization then led by Andrés Bonifacio, dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish and independence of the Philippines through armed force. He joined as a lieutenant under Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo and rose to the rank of general in a few months. 30,000 members of the Katipunan launched an attack against the Spanish colonizers in the same week. Only one general, Emilio Aguinaldo, successfully launched an attack with his troops. With the Katipunan, he helped the Philippines erupt in revolt against the Spaniards in 1896. He won major victories in Cavite Province, temporarily driving the Spanish out of the area. However, renewed Spanish military pressure compelled the rebels to restructure their forces in a more cohesive manner. The insulated fragmentation that had aided the Katipunan's secrecy had outlived its usefulness. In open war, unified leadership was required.
His first marriage was in 1896 with Hilaria Del Rosario(1877-1921), and they had five children (Miguel, Carmen, Emilio Jr., Maria and Cristina). His second wife was Maria Agoncillo
Several of Aguinaldo's descendants became prominent political figures in their own right. A grandnephew, Cesar Virata, served as Prime Minister of the Philippines from 1981 to 1986. Aguinaldo's granddaughter, Ameurfina Melencio Herrera, served as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1979 until 1992. His great-grandson, Joseph Emilio Abaya, was elected House of Representatives to the 13th and 14th Congress, representing the 1st District of Cavite. The present mayor of Kawit, Cavite, Reynaldo Aguinaldo, is a grandson of the former president, while the vice-mayor, Emilio "Orange" Aguinaldo IV, is a great-grandson.
The Boys & Girls Aid Society
The Boys & Girls Aid Society (or Boys & Girls Aid Society of Oregon) is a non-profit organization that provides services to children in crisis in the state of Oregon, USA.
The Boys & Girls Aid Society of Oregon was founded in 1885 by a group of community leaders and people from the business community. This non-profit organization started as an orphanage, and it is considered by some as a pioneer in applying the Foster care model instead of the typical orphanage model. Later on, the services provided by the organization included a wider range of services for children in different age groups. The organization grew into several branches in different parts of the state of Oregon.
The organization's mission is to help children in crisis, this has been its mission for over 120 years. It has also evolved from an agency that takes care of adoption to a wider range of services for children in need. It currently has many programs that serve older children and even young adults that need help in a time of crisis. The organization’s prospective is to be able to provide help to all the children in the area that require such care.
The Boys and Girls Aid have helped in more than seventy-thousand adoptions. The annual report for the years 2004 – 2005 recorded about 1,236 children who have been helped by the organization during that year. About two hundred of whom been helped in the prevention program that involves children who are mentored by a responsible adult. About seven hundred were in the intensive services, these children receive care during times of crisis. More than three hundred were placed in loving adoptive homes. Both prevention and remedial services help more than 75,000 children a year.
The Boys & Girls Aid Society of Oregon was founded in 1885 by a group of community leaders and people from the business community. This non-profit organization started as an orphanage, and it is considered by some as a pioneer in applying the Foster care model instead of the typical orphanage model. Later on, the services provided by the organization included a wider range of services for children in different age groups. The organization grew into several branches in different parts of the state of Oregon.
The organization's mission is to help children in crisis, this has been its mission for over 120 years. It has also evolved from an agency that takes care of adoption to a wider range of services for children in need. It currently has many programs that serve older children and even young adults that need help in a time of crisis. The organization’s prospective is to be able to provide help to all the children in the area that require such care.
The Boys and Girls Aid have helped in more than seventy-thousand adoptions. The annual report for the years 2004 – 2005 recorded about 1,236 children who have been helped by the organization during that year. About two hundred of whom been helped in the prevention program that involves children who are mentored by a responsible adult. About seven hundred were in the intensive services, these children receive care during times of crisis. More than three hundred were placed in loving adoptive homes. Both prevention and remedial services help more than 75,000 children a year.
Students Against Destructive Decisions
Students Against Destructive Decisions is a peer-to-peer youth education, substance and alcohol use and abuse prevention organization in the USA, with over 10,000 chapters in middle schools, high schools, and colleges.
SADD was founded as "Students Against Driving Drunk" at Wayland High School in Wayland, Massachusetts, in 1981 after two Wayland High School hockey players were killed in separate car crashes. The students were motivated to challenge the culture in which drinking and driving was accepted.
Originally, SADD's mission was to help young people say "No" to drinking and driving, and to alcohol consumption. In 1997, SADD expanded its mission from preventing intoxicated driving to preventing the consumption of alcohol or illegal drugs and other problems and adopted a new name, "Students Against Destructive Decisions." SADD now highlights prevention of all destructive behaviors and attitudes that are harmful to young people, including underage drinking, substance abuse, impaired driving, violence, and suicide.
SADD is well known for developing the Contract for Life, a document signed by both parents and student. It stipulated that students would try their best to avoid drinking and driving if parents agreed to do the same. Parents also agreed to pick up their own child at a party upon request, with no questions asked, if students saw harmful substances being used. The next day the family was to discuss the matter. The Contract is still in use today and has been updated to reflect the expanded scope of the Students Against Destructive Decisions mission.
SADD was founded as "Students Against Driving Drunk" at Wayland High School in Wayland, Massachusetts, in 1981 after two Wayland High School hockey players were killed in separate car crashes. The students were motivated to challenge the culture in which drinking and driving was accepted.
Originally, SADD's mission was to help young people say "No" to drinking and driving, and to alcohol consumption. In 1997, SADD expanded its mission from preventing intoxicated driving to preventing the consumption of alcohol or illegal drugs and other problems and adopted a new name, "Students Against Destructive Decisions." SADD now highlights prevention of all destructive behaviors and attitudes that are harmful to young people, including underage drinking, substance abuse, impaired driving, violence, and suicide.
SADD is well known for developing the Contract for Life, a document signed by both parents and student. It stipulated that students would try their best to avoid drinking and driving if parents agreed to do the same. Parents also agreed to pick up their own child at a party upon request, with no questions asked, if students saw harmful substances being used. The next day the family was to discuss the matter. The Contract is still in use today and has been updated to reflect the expanded scope of the Students Against Destructive Decisions mission.
Melchora Aquino
Melchora Aquino de Ramos (January 6, 1812 – March 2, 1919) was a Filipino revolutionary who became known as "Tandang Sora" ("Tandang" is derived from the Tagalog word matanda, which means old) in the history of the Philippines because of her age when the Philippine Revolution broke out in 1896 (she was already 84 at the time). She gained the title Grand Woman of the revolution and the Mother of Balintawak for her heroic contributions to Philippine history.
In her native country, Aquino operated a store, which became a refuge for the sick and wounded revolutionaries. She fed, gave medical attention to and encouraged the revolutionaries with motherly advice and prayers. Secret meetings of the Katipuneros (revolutionaries) were also held at her house. Thus she earned the name, "Mother of the Katipunan" or revolution. When the Spaniards learned about her activities and her knowledge to the whereabouts of the Katipuneros, she was asked where Andres Bonifacio was hiding but refused to conquerors steadily. She was then arrested and deported to the Mariana Islands.
After the United States took control of the Philippines in 1898, Aquino, like other exiles, returned to Philippines until her death on March 2, 1919 at the age of 107. Her remains lie in her own backyard.
In her native country, Aquino operated a store, which became a refuge for the sick and wounded revolutionaries. She fed, gave medical attention to and encouraged the revolutionaries with motherly advice and prayers. Secret meetings of the Katipuneros (revolutionaries) were also held at her house. Thus she earned the name, "Mother of the Katipunan" or revolution. When the Spaniards learned about her activities and her knowledge to the whereabouts of the Katipuneros, she was asked where Andres Bonifacio was hiding but refused to conquerors steadily. She was then arrested and deported to the Mariana Islands.
After the United States took control of the Philippines in 1898, Aquino, like other exiles, returned to Philippines until her death on March 2, 1919 at the age of 107. Her remains lie in her own backyard.
Sultan Kudarat
Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat (also spelled Qudarat), (1580? - 1671) was a Sultan of Maguindanao. During his reign, he successfully repelled Spanish efforts to conquer his sultanate and hindered the Christianization of Mindanao. He was a direct descendant of Shariff Kabungsuan, a Muslim missionary who propagated the Islamic faith in 14th century Mindanao.
After succeeding his father in 1619, he conquered several datus and made himself the master of the Pulangui area. He also controlled present-day Cagayan de Oro and Caraga territories and made Misamis and Bukidnon his tributaries. He was able to negotiate with the Dutch and the Spaniards so that they recognize his sovereignty over these lands. The Spaniards tried but failed to conquer him in all battles. The Spaniards were systematically defeated and forced to ransom their soldiers from the sultan. Governor-General Alonso Fajardo signed a treaty with Kudarat on June 25, 1645 which allowed Spanish missionaries to minister to the needs of the Christians in Mindanao, allowed a church built, and trade was allowed in the sultan’s territories. War once more flared in 1658 when Mindoro, Bohol and Leyte were sacked. Spain was unable to dominate the lands under Sultan Kudarat's rule.
After succeeding his father in 1619, he conquered several datus and made himself the master of the Pulangui area. He also controlled present-day Cagayan de Oro and Caraga territories and made Misamis and Bukidnon his tributaries. He was able to negotiate with the Dutch and the Spaniards so that they recognize his sovereignty over these lands. The Spaniards tried but failed to conquer him in all battles. The Spaniards were systematically defeated and forced to ransom their soldiers from the sultan. Governor-General Alonso Fajardo signed a treaty with Kudarat on June 25, 1645 which allowed Spanish missionaries to minister to the needs of the Christians in Mindanao, allowed a church built, and trade was allowed in the sultan’s territories. War once more flared in 1658 when Mindoro, Bohol and Leyte were sacked. Spain was unable to dominate the lands under Sultan Kudarat's rule.
Boys & Girls Clubs of America
Boys & Girls Clubs of America (BGCA) is a national organization whose mission is to “enable all young people, especially those who need us most, to reach their full potential as productive, caring, responsible citizens.” It offers many programs that provide kids with a fun and educational experience, as well as a safe after-school environment.
The first Club was founded in 1860 by several women in Hartford, Conn., who believed that boys who roamed the streets should have a positive alternative. It was for boys only, and soon other communities in New England decided that such places would be good for their young men. In 1906, 53 independent Boys' Clubs, as they were known then, came together in Boston to form a national organization, the Federated Boys' Clubs, and in 1931 they became Boys Clubs of America. In 1956, the group was chartered by Congress. To reflect its increased service to young women, the organization became Boys & Girls Clubs of America in 1990. In 1996, Roxanne Spillett, current president of Boys & Girls Clubs of America, was appointed to head the organization.
The first Club was founded in 1860 by several women in Hartford, Conn., who believed that boys who roamed the streets should have a positive alternative. It was for boys only, and soon other communities in New England decided that such places would be good for their young men. In 1906, 53 independent Boys' Clubs, as they were known then, came together in Boston to form a national organization, the Federated Boys' Clubs, and in 1931 they became Boys Clubs of America. In 1956, the group was chartered by Congress. To reflect its increased service to young women, the organization became Boys & Girls Clubs of America in 1990. In 1996, Roxanne Spillett, current president of Boys & Girls Clubs of America, was appointed to head the organization.
Young Americans for Freedom
Young Americans for Freedom (YAF) is a conservative youth organization that was founded in 1960. While the 1960s were its most successful years in terms of numbers and influence, YAF continued to be active as a national organization until the late 1990s. Today, a number of college students have started independent student groups at universities nationwide bearing YAF's name and logo.
In the spirit of the once prominent organization, a number of college students have created campus organizations bearing the YAF's name and logo. The only actual organization left can be found in California. California YAF is a statewide political action committee that endorses and assists conservative candidates for public office.
On college campuses, the independent YAF chapters have been involved in activities including rallies supporting the armed forces, advocacy for strict control of illegal immigration, demonstrations against affirmative action and protesting liberal campus speakers. YAF has also organized protests against legislation enacting anti-discrimination protection for transsexuals.
Notable YAF chapters exist at Pennsylvania State University, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan.
In the spirit of the once prominent organization, a number of college students have created campus organizations bearing the YAF's name and logo. The only actual organization left can be found in California. California YAF is a statewide political action committee that endorses and assists conservative candidates for public office.
On college campuses, the independent YAF chapters have been involved in activities including rallies supporting the armed forces, advocacy for strict control of illegal immigration, demonstrations against affirmative action and protesting liberal campus speakers. YAF has also organized protests against legislation enacting anti-discrimination protection for transsexuals.
Notable YAF chapters exist at Pennsylvania State University, Michigan State University and the University of Michigan.
Generation YES
Generation YES (Youth and Educators Succeeding), is a U.S. technology education corporation that works with schools around the world. Dennis Harper is the founder and President. Their programs focus on student centered, project-based learning "experiences that impact student's lives and increase student involvement in school and community through technology. In addition, all Generation YES programs improve the use of technology in the school as a whole."
Today, the company provides K-12 schools across the U.S. with technology programs. GenYES (originally known as www.GenY) has students assist teachers as they integrate technology in classrooms. This program provides curriculum to elementary and middle school teachers, who in turn teach technology skills to students. These students are then partnered with a different teacher to support their efforts to integrate technology in their classrooms.
TechYES focuses on students earning a certification by completing project-based learning activities demonstrating their technology literacy. In this program schools purchase access to a website with links and discussion forums for students. In the classroom students mentor other students, who are in turn illustrating their technology literacy through hands-on learning projects. Their student mentors help guide these projeccts.
Generation TECH engages students in providing technology support to schools. This program occupies the career technology end of GenYES' offerings, as teachers support students while they command a school's technology resources.
Today, the company provides K-12 schools across the U.S. with technology programs. GenYES (originally known as www.GenY) has students assist teachers as they integrate technology in classrooms. This program provides curriculum to elementary and middle school teachers, who in turn teach technology skills to students. These students are then partnered with a different teacher to support their efforts to integrate technology in their classrooms.
TechYES focuses on students earning a certification by completing project-based learning activities demonstrating their technology literacy. In this program schools purchase access to a website with links and discussion forums for students. In the classroom students mentor other students, who are in turn illustrating their technology literacy through hands-on learning projects. Their student mentors help guide these projeccts.
Generation TECH engages students in providing technology support to schools. This program occupies the career technology end of GenYES' offerings, as teachers support students while they command a school's technology resources.
European Youth Forum
The European Youth Forum (YFJ) is a platform that brings together tens of millions of young people from all over Europe and represents their common interests. Independently established by youth organisations, the YFJ is a platform made up of more than 90 National Youth Councils and International Non-Governmental Youth Organisations, which are federations of youth organisations in themselves. It brings together tens of millions of young people from all over Europe and defends their common interests.
As the biggest regional youth platform in the world, the European Youth Forum works to deepen European integration while also contributing to the development of youth work in other regions of the world.
Presidents: Bettina Schwarzmayr (2007-today); Renaldas Vaisbrodas (2005-2006); Giaccomo Fillibeck (2003-2004); Mr Henrik Soderman (2001-2002); Mr Pau Solanilla (1999-2000); Ms Pauliina Arola (1997-1998).
Increase the participation of young people and youth organisations in society, as well as in decision-making processes;
Positively influence policy issues affecting young people and youth organisations, by being a recognised partner for international institutions, namely the European Union, the Council of Europe and the United Nations;
Promote the concept of youth policy as an integrated and cross-sectoral element of overall policy development;
Facilitate the participation of young people through the development of sustainable and independent youth organisations at the national and international level;
Foster the exchange of ideas and experience, mutual understanding, and equal rights and opportunities among young people in Europe;
Uphold intercultural understanding, democracy, respect, active citizenship and solidarity.
As the biggest regional youth platform in the world, the European Youth Forum works to deepen European integration while also contributing to the development of youth work in other regions of the world.
Presidents: Bettina Schwarzmayr (2007-today); Renaldas Vaisbrodas (2005-2006); Giaccomo Fillibeck (2003-2004); Mr Henrik Soderman (2001-2002); Mr Pau Solanilla (1999-2000); Ms Pauliina Arola (1997-1998).
Increase the participation of young people and youth organisations in society, as well as in decision-making processes;
Positively influence policy issues affecting young people and youth organisations, by being a recognised partner for international institutions, namely the European Union, the Council of Europe and the United Nations;
Promote the concept of youth policy as an integrated and cross-sectoral element of overall policy development;
Facilitate the participation of young people through the development of sustainable and independent youth organisations at the national and international level;
Foster the exchange of ideas and experience, mutual understanding, and equal rights and opportunities among young people in Europe;
Uphold intercultural understanding, democracy, respect, active citizenship and solidarity.
Gabriela Silang
María Josefa Gabriela Cariño Silang (March 19, 1731-September 29, 1763) was the first Filipino woman to lead a revolt during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines. An active member of the insurgent force of Diego Silang, her husband, she led the group for four months after his death before she was captured and executed.
Born in Barangay Caniogan, Santa, Ilocos Sur, Silang was a mestiza, of Spanish and Ilocano descent. She was adopted by a wealthy businessman who later married her at the age of 20, but left after three years. In 1757, she married again, this time to 27-year-old indigenous Ilocano rebel leader, Diego Silang. She became one of his closest advisors, a major figure in her husband's collaboration with the British and the brief expulsion of Spanish officials in Vigan, Ilocos Sur.
On May 28, 1763, her husband was assassinated by order of royal and church authorities in Manila. After her husband's death, she fled on horseback to the mountains of Abra to establish her headquarters, reassemble her troops, and rally the Tingguian community to fight. They descended on Vigan on September 10, 1763. But the Spanish garrison was ready, amassing Spanish, Tagalog, and Kapampangan soldiers and Ilocano collaborators to ambush her and rout her forces. Many were killed. She escaped, alongside her uncle Nicolas and seven other men, but later caught on September 29, 1763. They were summarily hanged in Vigan's plaza, with Gabriela being the last to die.
Her ferocity and death became a symbol for Filipino women, their pre-colonial importance in Filipino society and their struggle for liberation during colonization.
Born in Barangay Caniogan, Santa, Ilocos Sur, Silang was a mestiza, of Spanish and Ilocano descent. She was adopted by a wealthy businessman who later married her at the age of 20, but left after three years. In 1757, she married again, this time to 27-year-old indigenous Ilocano rebel leader, Diego Silang. She became one of his closest advisors, a major figure in her husband's collaboration with the British and the brief expulsion of Spanish officials in Vigan, Ilocos Sur.
On May 28, 1763, her husband was assassinated by order of royal and church authorities in Manila. After her husband's death, she fled on horseback to the mountains of Abra to establish her headquarters, reassemble her troops, and rally the Tingguian community to fight. They descended on Vigan on September 10, 1763. But the Spanish garrison was ready, amassing Spanish, Tagalog, and Kapampangan soldiers and Ilocano collaborators to ambush her and rout her forces. Many were killed. She escaped, alongside her uncle Nicolas and seven other men, but later caught on September 29, 1763. They were summarily hanged in Vigan's plaza, with Gabriela being the last to die.
Her ferocity and death became a symbol for Filipino women, their pre-colonial importance in Filipino society and their struggle for liberation during colonization.
Diego Silang
Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 - May 28, 1763) was raised as an Ilocano; his father was Pangasinense. He was a revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to overthrow the Spanish in the northern Philippines and establish an independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by grievances stemming from Spanish tributes and abuses, and his belief in self-government, that the administration and leadership of the Roman Catholic Church and government in the Ilocos Region (which at this time did not include Pangasinan) should be led by trained Ilocano officials.
Born in Aringay, Pangasinan (an area in present-day Caba or Aringay, La Union), he worked as a messenger for a local Castilian priest in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Bright, passionate and fluent in Spanish, he ferried correspondence from the Ilocos to Manila, journeys that gave him his first glimpse of colonial injustice and that planted the seeds of rebellion.
He was killed by one of his friends, a Spanish-Ilocano mestizo named Miguel Vicos who was paid by church authorities to assassinate him.
After Diego Silang's death, his wife, Josefa Gabriela, took over the revolt and fought courageously. A strong force was sent against her. She was forced to retreat to Abra. Riding a fast horse, Gabriela led her troops towards Vigan, but she was driven back. She fled again to Abra, where she was captured. On September 20, 1763, she and about 100 followers were executed by the Spanish authorities.
Born in Aringay, Pangasinan (an area in present-day Caba or Aringay, La Union), he worked as a messenger for a local Castilian priest in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Bright, passionate and fluent in Spanish, he ferried correspondence from the Ilocos to Manila, journeys that gave him his first glimpse of colonial injustice and that planted the seeds of rebellion.
He was killed by one of his friends, a Spanish-Ilocano mestizo named Miguel Vicos who was paid by church authorities to assassinate him.
After Diego Silang's death, his wife, Josefa Gabriela, took over the revolt and fought courageously. A strong force was sent against her. She was forced to retreat to Abra. Riding a fast horse, Gabriela led her troops towards Vigan, but she was driven back. She fled again to Abra, where she was captured. On September 20, 1763, she and about 100 followers were executed by the Spanish authorities.
Lapu-lapu
Lapu-Lapu (also called Kaliph Pulaka according to local historal narratives) (c. 1491? – 1547?) was a Muslim chieftain on Mactan and the earliest known indigenous Datu (chieftain) of the Visayan-inhabited Mactan Island in the Philippines. Known by the title Iliji Rajiki (minor Raja) and a Muslim Tausug by ancestry according to Sulu oral histories, he was known as the first native of the archipelago to have resisted Spanish colonization. He is now regarded as the first National hero of the Philippines.
On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu and the men of Mactan, armed with spears and kampilan, faced Spanish soldiers led by Portuguese captain Ferdinand Magellan. In what would later be known as the Battle of Mactan, Magellan and several of his men were killed.
In his honor, the Cebuano people have erected a statue and church in Mactan Island and also renamed the town of Opon in Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City. A more recent statue was given as a gift to the Philippines from South Korea in 2005. It stands in Rizal Park in the Philippine capital city of Manila.
On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu and the men of Mactan, armed with spears and kampilan, faced Spanish soldiers led by Portuguese captain Ferdinand Magellan. In what would later be known as the Battle of Mactan, Magellan and several of his men were killed.
In his honor, the Cebuano people have erected a statue and church in Mactan Island and also renamed the town of Opon in Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City. A more recent statue was given as a gift to the Philippines from South Korea in 2005. It stands in Rizal Park in the Philippine capital city of Manila.
Gregorio Del Pilar
Gregorio del Pilar (November 14, 1875—December 2, 1899) was the youngest and the most picturesque general in the Philippine Revolutionary Forces during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War. He was called the "boy general" because of his youth.
He was born on November 14, 1875 to Fernando H. del Pilar and Felipa Sempio of Barangay San Jose, Bulacan, Bulacan. He was the nephew of propagandist Marcelo H. del Pilar and Toribio del Pilar, who was exiled to Guam for his involvement in the 1872 Cavite Mutiny.
"Goyong", as he was casually known, enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he finished his Bachelor’s degree in 1896, at the age of 20. When the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule broke out in August under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio, Del Pilar decided to join the movement. He distinguished himself as a field commander while fighting Spanish garrisons in Bulacan.
He then joined General Emilio Aguinaldo, who had gained control of the movement, in Hong Kong after the Truce at Biak-na-Bato. Upon resuming control of the Philippine Revolution, Gen. Aguinaldo appointed Del Pilar to lead the revolutionary forces in Bulacan and Nueva Ecija. On June 1, Del Pilar landed in Bulacan with rifles purchased in Hong Kong, quickly laying siege on the Spanish forces in the province. When the Spaniards surrendered to Del Pilar, he brought his troops to Caloocan and Manila to support the other troops battling the Spaniards there.
He was born on November 14, 1875 to Fernando H. del Pilar and Felipa Sempio of Barangay San Jose, Bulacan, Bulacan. He was the nephew of propagandist Marcelo H. del Pilar and Toribio del Pilar, who was exiled to Guam for his involvement in the 1872 Cavite Mutiny.
"Goyong", as he was casually known, enrolled at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila where he finished his Bachelor’s degree in 1896, at the age of 20. When the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule broke out in August under the leadership of Andres Bonifacio, Del Pilar decided to join the movement. He distinguished himself as a field commander while fighting Spanish garrisons in Bulacan.
He then joined General Emilio Aguinaldo, who had gained control of the movement, in Hong Kong after the Truce at Biak-na-Bato. Upon resuming control of the Philippine Revolution, Gen. Aguinaldo appointed Del Pilar to lead the revolutionary forces in Bulacan and Nueva Ecija. On June 1, Del Pilar landed in Bulacan with rifles purchased in Hong Kong, quickly laying siege on the Spanish forces in the province. When the Spaniards surrendered to Del Pilar, he brought his troops to Caloocan and Manila to support the other troops battling the Spaniards there.
Junior State of America
The Junior State of America (formerly Junior Statesmen of America) (“JSA”) is an American non-partisan student-run youth organization. The purpose of the JSA is to help high school students acquire leadership skills and the knowledge necessary to be effective citizens and voters. The JSA is sponsored by the Junior Statesmen Foundation (“JSF”), which also assists in the operation of the JSA Summer Schools.
After the school year is over, JSA chapter members can participate in numerous student-run events over the summer. The biggest events, which are held at various universities, are the JSA Summer Schools. The Summer Schools, conducted by the JSF, offer students an opportunity to study local, state, or national government at an advanced level. These programs are meant to prepare young leaders for active participation in public affairs.
These programs, at which students take a full semester each of two courses over four weeks (with the exception of the Georgetown programs, lasting three weeks), for which they can receive high school credit, take place at Stanford, Georgetown, Princeton, and Yale. Past speakers have included Mike McCurry, Andy Card, Lee Hamilton, Norman Mineta, Joe Trippi, Dennis Kucinich, John Kerry, Harry Reid, Barack Obama, Ted Rall, George H.W. Bush, Condoleezza Rice, Ed Meese, William Perry, Brian Williams and Karl Rove.
Summer symposia are also held in different regions, such as the summer school symposium of Ohio State University, University of Washington and University of Southern California. These events are one- to two-weeks long and venture into politics, world studies, history, and discussions of current events.
Every summer, the newly elected governors each choose a select few from his or her state/territory to attend the Montezuma National Leadership Summit (affectionately known as "Zuma"). The summit is held in early-to-mid August at Presentation Center in Los Gatos, California, the former site of the Montezuma Mountain School where JSA was founded in 1934. Students ("Zumans") at this summit learn more about the history and national dynamics of JSA and attendance is considered an honor.
After the school year is over, JSA chapter members can participate in numerous student-run events over the summer. The biggest events, which are held at various universities, are the JSA Summer Schools. The Summer Schools, conducted by the JSF, offer students an opportunity to study local, state, or national government at an advanced level. These programs are meant to prepare young leaders for active participation in public affairs.
These programs, at which students take a full semester each of two courses over four weeks (with the exception of the Georgetown programs, lasting three weeks), for which they can receive high school credit, take place at Stanford, Georgetown, Princeton, and Yale. Past speakers have included Mike McCurry, Andy Card, Lee Hamilton, Norman Mineta, Joe Trippi, Dennis Kucinich, John Kerry, Harry Reid, Barack Obama, Ted Rall, George H.W. Bush, Condoleezza Rice, Ed Meese, William Perry, Brian Williams and Karl Rove.
Summer symposia are also held in different regions, such as the summer school symposium of Ohio State University, University of Washington and University of Southern California. These events are one- to two-weeks long and venture into politics, world studies, history, and discussions of current events.
Every summer, the newly elected governors each choose a select few from his or her state/territory to attend the Montezuma National Leadership Summit (affectionately known as "Zuma"). The summit is held in early-to-mid August at Presentation Center in Los Gatos, California, the former site of the Montezuma Mountain School where JSA was founded in 1934. Students ("Zumans") at this summit learn more about the history and national dynamics of JSA and attendance is considered an honor.
Andres Bonifacio
Andres Bonifacio y de Castro (November 30, 1863 – May 10, 1897), son of Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, was a Filipino revolutionary leader and one of the main rebel leaders of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century. He is regarded as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution" and one of the most influential national heroes of his country. A freemason, Bonifacio was the founder of the Katipunan organization which aimed to start an independence movement against Spain.
According to historians, Bonifacio - though projected by detractors as being unlettered - was in fact very literate because a British firm would not have hired him as a clerk if he was not. He was also highly intellectual to be keeping serious novels and political books, many were not even written in his native tongue. He also authored countless articles and poems in the course of organizing the revolution.
He was a Freemason. He also joined Rizal's La Liga Filipina (Spanish "The Philippine League"), a society that called for reforms in Spanish rule. However, the Liga was disbanded shortly after Rizal was arrested and deported to the town of Dapitan in Mindanao a day after the group's only meetin.
Bonifacio was born to a Tagalog father by the name of Santiago Bonifacio, and a Spanish mestiza mother, Catalina de Castro of Zambales, in Tondo, Manila. His father was a cabeza de barangay (a leading barangay official). His mother died of tuberculosis in 1881 and his father followed suit a year after. According to popular anecdote, he peddled canes and fans to support his family.
Later, he worked as a clerk in a British firm in Manila. He married twice - his first wife was a woman named Monica, who died of leprosy. He read books about the French Revolution, Les Miserables, and the novels of local reformist and future national hero José Rizal, among others.
According to historians, Bonifacio - though projected by detractors as being unlettered - was in fact very literate because a British firm would not have hired him as a clerk if he was not. He was also highly intellectual to be keeping serious novels and political books, many were not even written in his native tongue. He also authored countless articles and poems in the course of organizing the revolution.
He was a Freemason. He also joined Rizal's La Liga Filipina (Spanish "The Philippine League"), a society that called for reforms in Spanish rule. However, the Liga was disbanded shortly after Rizal was arrested and deported to the town of Dapitan in Mindanao a day after the group's only meetin.
Bonifacio was born to a Tagalog father by the name of Santiago Bonifacio, and a Spanish mestiza mother, Catalina de Castro of Zambales, in Tondo, Manila. His father was a cabeza de barangay (a leading barangay official). His mother died of tuberculosis in 1881 and his father followed suit a year after. According to popular anecdote, he peddled canes and fans to support his family.
Later, he worked as a clerk in a British firm in Manila. He married twice - his first wife was a woman named Monica, who died of leprosy. He read books about the French Revolution, Les Miserables, and the novels of local reformist and future national hero José Rizal, among others.
Agents of Change
SustainUS, Inc. (The United States Youth Network for Sustainable Development) is a national, United States registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity whose mission is to improve youth participation in sustainable development. SustainUS works particularly with youth aged 13-26 and on United Nations' conferences related to youth and/or sustainable development.
Founded in 2001, SustainUS is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan youth-led organization advancing sustainable development and youth empowerment in the United States. Through proactive education and advocacy at the policy-making and grassroots levels, SustainUS members are attempting to build a future in which all people recognize the inherent equality, value, and interdependence of social, economic, and environmental sustainability.
What is Sustainable Development, anyway? The Brundtland Commission defined sustainable development as “a form of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." In the SustainUS view, sustainable development requires economic, social, and environmental issues to progress together.
Since 2003, Agents of Change (AoC) has brought delegations of U.S.-based youth to conferences and summits related to international sustainability policy, primarily at the United Nations. The young people serving on the delegations work with government delegates, fellow civil society members, and other youth to promote cooperation, focusing on youth-friendly and future-oriented policies.
Thus far in 2007, AoC has been active at the International Forum on the Eradication of Poverty, the Commission for Social Development, and the Commission on Sustainable Development.
Founded in 2001, SustainUS is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, nonpartisan youth-led organization advancing sustainable development and youth empowerment in the United States. Through proactive education and advocacy at the policy-making and grassroots levels, SustainUS members are attempting to build a future in which all people recognize the inherent equality, value, and interdependence of social, economic, and environmental sustainability.
What is Sustainable Development, anyway? The Brundtland Commission defined sustainable development as “a form of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." In the SustainUS view, sustainable development requires economic, social, and environmental issues to progress together.
Since 2003, Agents of Change (AoC) has brought delegations of U.S.-based youth to conferences and summits related to international sustainability policy, primarily at the United Nations. The young people serving on the delegations work with government delegates, fellow civil society members, and other youth to promote cooperation, focusing on youth-friendly and future-oriented policies.
Thus far in 2007, AoC has been active at the International Forum on the Eradication of Poverty, the Commission for Social Development, and the Commission on Sustainable Development.
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