Arcadio Maxilom

General Arcadio Maxilom y Molero (November 13, 1862–August 10, 1924) was a Filipino teacher and hero of the Philippine Revolution.

He was born in Tuburan, Cebu to Roberto Maxilom, the town gobernadorcillo, and Gregoria Molero. His family were members of the local gentry, or principalía. He worked as a teacher in the local school before joining the Katipunan, whose activities in Cebu were led by a young Negrense, León Kilat.

After Kilat's betrayal and assassination, Maxilom continued the revolution in Cebu. Under his command, the Katipunan was able to regroup in the central highlands, which Spanish forces found impenetrable. On December 16, 1898, Maxilom wrote a letter to the Spanish authorities in Cebu, demanding that the latter surrender. Weary after incessant fighting, the Spaniards quickly responded, asking Maxilom for two to three days to leave the province. By Christmas Eve, the Spaniards have left, leaving behind only three Catholic clerics.

Little did the Cebuanos, indeed, all Filipinos, know that their newfound liberty would be short-lived, Spain having already sold the fate of their former subjects to the United States for twenty million dollars (see Treaty of Paris).

Maxilom is best remembered for stubbornly refusing to surrender to the American occupying forces even as his fellow revolutionaries in Manila and Cebu were starting to capitulate or collaborate with the new colonial power. He finally surrendered on October 27, 1901.

Virtually forgotten after the revolution, Maxilom died in his hometown of Tuburan, after a long bout with paralysis, on August 10, 1924. His funeral cortège, joined in by leading revolutionary figures including Emilio Aguinaldo, stretched some four kilometers, in what remains to this day the longest in Cebu's history.

Mango Avenue, one of Cebu City's main thoroughfares, was renamed Maxilom Avenue in honor of the general.

Chris Brown Album

Chris Brown is the self-titled debut album by American pop/R&B singer Chris Brown, released on November 29, 2005 (see 2005 in music) on Jive Records. It entered the U.S. Billboard 200 chart at number two, selling more than 155,000 copies. Within five weeks after release, it had gone platinum. To date, it has sold 2 million copies in the U.S. and over three million worldwide. It has been recently been certified Double Platinum. It also peaked at number one on the Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.

The album's lead single was "Run It!", which features rapper Juelz Santana, and was produced by Scott Storch. It received continuous airplay (topping the Billboard Hot 100 Airplay), and reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100, where it stayed for five weeks. It replaced "Gold Digger" by Kanye West featuring Jamie Foxx, and was itself replaced by Mariah Carey's "Don't Forget About Us". It also topped Billboard Pop 100. Other singles released from the album include "Yo (Excuse Me Miss)", another U.S. top ten hit for Brown, as well as "Gimme That", released as a remix featuring rapper Lil Wayne, and the fourth single, "Say Goodbye", which peaked at number ten in the U.S. The fifth and final single from the album, "Poppin'", charted outside the U.S. top forty.

Katy Perry

Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson; October 25, 1984) is an American singer-songwriter best known by her stage name Katy Perry. She rose to prominence with her 2008 single "I Kissed a Girl" which has become a worldwide hit topping the charts in more than 20 countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, and the United States, where it was the 1000th Billboard Hot 100 number 1. She is known for her unconventional style of dress, often humoristic, bright in color and reminiscent of different decades, as well as her frequent use of fruit-shaped accessories, mainly watermelon as part of her outfits. She has a contralto vocal range.

Katy Perry released the second single "Hot N Cold" on September 9, 2008. This became Katy's second top 5 hit in the USA, also reaching number 7 in the UK a month before its physical release.

Katy Perry stated that the success of British singer-songwriters Amy Winehouse and Lily Allen more female artists have been appearing on the charts. She also said that Winehouse and Allen "have introduced America to great music".

Artemio Ricarte

Artemio Ricarte y Garcia (October 20, 1866 — July 31, 1945) was a Filipino general during the Philippine Revolution and the Philippine-American War. He is considered by the Armed Forces of the Philippines as the "Father of the Philippine Army". Ricarte is also notable for never having taken an oath of allegiance to the United States government, which occupied the Philippines from 1898 to 1946.

After the start of the Philippine Revolution on August 31, 1896, Ricarte led the revolutionists in attacking the Spanish garrison in San Francisco de Malabon. He crushed the Spanish troops and took the civil guards as prisoner. At the Tejeros Convention Ricarte was elected Captain-General and received a military promotion to Brigadier-General in Emilio Aguinaldo's Army. He led his men in various battles in Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. Aguinaldo designated him to remain in Biak na Bato, San Miguel, Bulakan to supervise the surrender of arms and to see to it that both the Spanish government and the Philippine officers complied with the terms of the peace pact.

Ricarte was born in Batac City, Philippines to Faustino Ricarte and Bonifacia Garcia. He finished his early studies in his hometown and enrolled at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran where he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts. At the University of Santo Tomas and then at the Escuela Normal, he prepared for the teaching profession. He was sent to the town of San Francisco de Malabon (now General Trias) to supervise a primary school. While there, he met the likes of Mariano Alveraz, another school teacher and surviving revolutionary of the 1872 Cavite Mutiny. Ricarte then joined the ranks of the Katipunan as a Lieutenant-General under the Magdiwang Council and adopted the name "El Vibora" (Viper).

Carrie Underwood

Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983 in Muskogee, Oklahoma) is an American country singer-songwriter. She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of American Idol, and has become a multi-platinum selling recording artist and a multiple Grammy Award winner. Her debut album, Some Hearts, was certified seven times platinum and is the fastest selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history.[1] Some Hearts yielded three number one hits on the Billboard Country charts in the United States and Canada: "Jesus, Take the Wheel","Wasted", and her biggest hit to date, "Before He Cheats". Additionally "Don't Forget to Remember Me" topped the charts in Canada. Underwood scored another Top 10 Billboard hit with her charity single, "I'll Stand by You". Some Hearts sold a total of seven million RIAA-certified copies as of February 2008. It is also the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history.

On September 5, 2008, Underwood joined Ciara, Fergie, Rihanna, Beyonce, Leona Lewis and other pop/rock singers in performing a single for the anti-cancer campaign Stand Up to Cancer. The single, called "Just Stand Up", was performed live during the one-hour telethon that aired on all major U.S. television networks. The song was made available on iTunes on September 2nd.

Underwood has received two Country Music Association nominations for the 2008 CMA Awards, Female Vocalist of the Year and Album of the Year: "Carnival Ride". The award show will be aired on ABC on November 12, 2008, and will be hosted by Underwood along with fellow country star Brad Paisley.

She also has co-written a song for Idol alumni Kristy Lee Cook's major-label debut album Why Wait, called "Not Tonight".

Papa Isio

Dionisio Seguela or Dionisio Papa y Barlucia, more widely known as Papa Isio (Hiligaynon, Isio the Pope), was the leader of a group of babaylanes (shaman) who were, as conjectured by Modesto P. Sa-onoy, recruited from the remnants of the followers of Dios Buhawi upon the dissolution of his group under the poor leadership of Camartin de la Cruz during the years prior to the onset of the Philippine Revolution.

According to Sa-onoy, Seguela's nom de guerre, Papa Isio, was partly dictated by the religious thrust of his revolt against Spain and the Catholic religion it championed. The title "Papa" was a repudiation of the Pope's (Santo Papa) authority - which Seguela then appropriated upon himself. This particular group of babaylanes were organized by Seguela in 1896 in Himamaylan, Negros Occidental.

Fusing religion with agrarian reform and nationalism, Papa Isio called for the removal of non-Malays from Negros and the division of the land among the natives. It is contended that Papa Isio responded to the Philippine Revolution which was began in August 1896 by Andrés Bonifacio. The group of babaylanes was said to have adopted "¡Viva Rizal!" (Spanish, "Long Live Rizal!"), "¡Viva Filipinas Libre" (Spanish, "Long Live a free Philippines!") and "Kamatayon sa Katsila" (Hiligaynon, "Death to Spaniards!") as their battle cries.

While Filipino revolutionary General Miguel Malvar, widely acknowledged to be the last leader of the Philippine Revolution to surrender to the Americans, actually capitulated on April 16, 1902, Papa Isio gave up his struggle very much later - on August 6, 1907. Finally cornered by government forces, Papa Isio surrendered to an American officer, Lieutenant J. S. Mohler. At first, he was sentenced to death, but the punishment was later mitigated to life imprisonment. Papa Isio died in the Old Bilibid Prison in Manila in 1911.

E. San Juan, Jr.

E. San Juan, Jr. is a Filipino cultural critic and public intellectual. His works span a broad spectrum of fields and disciplines, from cultural studies, comparative literary scholarship, ethnic and racial studies, postcolonial theory, semiotics to philosophical inquiries in historical materialism.

He applies a Gramscian approach and a critical Marxist optic on cultural events and texts in the Philippine historical process of national liberation. San Juan is also notable for being the first Filipino male intellectual to have engaged with feminist discourse in his "Filipina Insurgency: Writing Against Patriarchy" (Giraffe Books, 1999).

Two significant contributions of San Juan to Philippine culture and literature are his translation into English of selected poems by Amado Hernández; and the re-discovery of Carlos Bulosan's writings, evidenced in his numerous anthologies of Bulosan's works; and his critical essays on Hernandez in "The Radical Tradition in Philippine Literature,"" ""Toward A People's Literature,"" "" Writing and National Liberation,"" "" The Philippine Temptation,"" ""After Postcolonialilsm,"" ""Hegemony and Strategies of Transgression,"" and "Only by Struggle".

Chris Brown

Chris Brown re-released Exclusive on June 3, 2008 as a deluxe edition, renamed Exclusive: The Forever Edition, seven months after the release of the original version. The re-release version features four new tracks, including the new single "Forever" which has reached number 2 on Billboard Hot 100 so far.

In support of the album, Brown embarked on his The Exclusive Holiday concert tour, visiting over thirty venues in United States. He started the tour in Cincinnati, Ohio, on December 6, 2007 and concluded it on February 9, 2008 in Honolulu, Hawaii. The documented footage was released on June 3, 2008 as the double disc of Exclusive: The Forever Edition.

Brown is featured on the forthcoming Nas album on a track featuring The Game, co-produced by the The Game and Cool & Dre.

Brown performed "With You" at the BET Awards '08 on June 24, 2008. He was then joined by Ciara to dance with him to a snippet of the song "Take You Down".

Chris Brown will be featuring along side Sean Garrett for Ludacris's hit single "What Them Girls Like" off Ludacris's album Theater of the Mind.

Kid Rock

Robert James Ritchie (born January 17, 1971 in Romeo, Michigan), known by his stage name Kid Rock, is an American musician and actor known for his over-the-top white-trash persona and rap-rocker musical style. He has sold over 25 million records to date.

Currently Kid Rock is enjoying huge success in the U.S.A. and across Europe with his latest release, Rock N Roll Jesus, backed in particular by the album's third single, "All Summer Long". As of the week ending September 13, 2008, that single sat at number 23 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100, and it has also gone number one in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and Australia. The album has been certified double platinum in the U.S. and gold in Canada.

"All Summer Long" is the third single from Rock N Roll Jesus. The song samples the music from Warren Zevon's "Werewolves of London" and Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama", with new lyrics by Kid Rock. The song has become Kid Rock's biggest hit to date charting on every major U.S. and Canadian chart (outside of the Rap and R&B charts), as well as going number one across Europe in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Austria, Germany, Switzerland and also Australia. The song has also placed in the Top 10 in the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden. It is currently at #23 on the Billboard Hot 100. It is also his highest charting song in the United Kingdom, charting at #1 four weeks after its release. The song was used as the WWE's theme song for Backlash 2008.

Rock N Roll Jesus took home the award for Most Outstanding National Album at the 2008 Detroit Music Awards, the first time he has won that award since Devil Without A Cause in 1999.
Kid Rock is currently on his Rock N Roll Revival Tour. The tour has been done in a revue style with the J. Geils Band's Peter Wolf, The Allman Brothers' Dickey Betts and Rev Run of Run-D.M.C. all joining him on stage to perform their classic hits between Kid Rock's own hits. Lynyrd Skynyrd will co-headline the Rock and Rebels Tour starting in August.

Pedro A. Paterno

Pedro Alejandro Paterno (February 27, 1858 - March 11, 1911) was a Filipino statesman as well as a poet and writer.

He was the author of Pacto de Biyak-na-Bato (Pact of Biyak-na-Bato), first published in 1910. Among his other works include the very first Filipino novel written in Tagalog, Ninay (1907), and the first Filipino collection of poems in Spanish, Sampaguitas y poesias (Jasmines and Poems), published in Madrid in 1880.

He served as prime minister of the first Philippine republic in the middle of 1899, and served as head of the country's assembly, and the cabinet.

With the Philippine-American War after the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1898, he was among the most prominent Filipinos who joined the American side and advocated the incorporation of the Philippines into the United States.

He died of cholera on March 11, 1911. His literary work was not appreciated until several decades after his death.

Antonio Bautista

Antonio M. Bautista was a Filipino pilot and hero of the Philippine Air Force.

For his uncommon bravery and tenacity in the face of overwhelming odds, the Armed Forces of the Philippines awarded the late Lieutenant Colonel Antonio M. Bautista the Distinguished Conduct Star on April 29, 1974. In addition the air base at Puerto Princesa was named after him: Antonio Bautista Air Base, Palawan.

Antonio Bautista is famous for his final flight. As Commander of the 9th Tactical Fighter Squadron, 5th Fighter Wing, he was leading a fighter strike against a thousand armed insurgents who had launched a fanatical attack against government forces in Parang, Jolo. Despite the warning lights on his instrument panel lighting up, Lt. Col Bautista continued his assault, sustaining more and more damage with each pass. Only after two effective bombing runs and five successful strafing passes depleted his ammunition did he break off and try to save himself. Turning his burning plane toward friendly territory in Jolo, he ejected over a contingent of government troops just before his plane exploded in mid-air. Unfortunately, strong winds pushed his parachute back over enemy turf where, outnumbered, he engaged rebel and unwanted troops in a valiant but fatal gunfight.

Metallica

Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in Los Angeles, California. Founded when drummer Lars Ulrich posted an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper, Metallica's original line-up consisted of Ulrich, rhythm guitarist and vocalist James Hetfield, lead guitarist Dave Mustaine, and bassist Ron McGovney. These last two were later replaced from the band, in favor of Kirk Hammett and Cliff Burton, respectively. In September 1986, Metallica's tour bus skidded out of control and flipped, which resulted in Burton being crushed under the bus and killed. Jason Newsted replaced him less than two months later. Newsted left the band in 2001 and was replaced by Robert Trujillo in 2003.

Metallica was formed in Los Angeles, California, in early 1981 when drummer Lars Ulrich placed an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper—The Recycler—which read "Drummer looking for other metal musicians to jam with Tygers of Pan Tang, Diamond Head and Iron Maiden." Guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement. Although he had not formed a band, Ulrich asked Metal Blade Records founder Brian Slagel if he could record a song for the label's upcoming compilation Metal Massacre. Slagel accepted, and Ulrich recruited Hetfield to sing and play rhythm guitar.

Metallica has become one of the most influential heavy metal bands, and is credited as one of the "big four" of thrash metal, along with Slayer, Anthrax, and Megadeth. The band has sold more than 90 million records worldwide, including 57 million in the United States, which makes Metallica the most commercially successful thrash metal band. The writers of The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll felt Metallica gave heavy metal "a much-needed charge". Stephen Thomas Erlewine and Greg Prato of Allmusic said Metallica, "expanded the limits of thrash, using speed and volume not for their own sake, but to enhance their intricately structured compositions", calling the band "easily the best, most influential heavy metal band of the '80s, responsible for bringing the music back to Earth."

Danilo Atienza

Danilo S. Atienza was a Filipino pilot and hero of the Philippine Air Force.

Danilo Atienza started out as a Philippine Air Force cadet at Fernando Air Base in Lipa City, where he was commissioned a second lieutenant in 1974. After numerous assignments with the 5th Fighter Wing at Cesar Basa Air Base, Pampanga, Atienza became Squadron Commander of the 6th Tactical Squadron. A long and illustrious career lay ahead of him.

However, on December 1, 1989, brother Air Force officers had joined an anti-government revolt, which threatened to destabilize the nation. Faced with a difficult choice, Atienza placed the security of the Philippines above loyalty to comrades and turned his F-5 fighter against the rebels who established a stronghold at Sangley Field. In bombing and strafing runs, amid heavy rebel ground fire, he and two other combat pilots destroyed one Sikorsky helicopter, seven T-28's and a fuel depot, depriving the rebel soldiers of air power. The gallant feat turned the tide of battle to the government's favor.

However, Major Atienza lost his life that day. In return, a grateful nation led by President Corazon C. Aquino and the Armed Forces found him deserving of a Filipino warrior's highest prize: the Medal of Valor. On May 5, 1992, by an act of Congress, the airfield at Sangley Point Naval and Air Training Station on which Major Danilo S. Atienza shed his blood was named after him: Danilo Atienza Air Base, Cavite.

Brian Wilson

Brian Douglas Wilson (born June 20, 1942 in Hawthorne, California) is an American musician best known as the lead songwriter, bassist, and singer of the American rock and roll band The Beach Boys. Wilson was also the band's main producer, composer, and arranger.

In February 2005, Wilson had a cameo in the TV series Duck Dodgers in the 24½th Century as Daffy Duck's spiritual surfing advisor. He also appeared in the 2005 holiday episode of Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, performing "Deck the Halls" for a group of children with xeroderma pigmentosum (hypersensitivity to sunlight) at Walt Disney World Resort. On July 2, 2005 Wilson performed for the Live 8 concert in Berlin, Germany.

In September 2005, Wilson arranged a charity drive to aid victims of Hurricane Katrina where people who donated $100 or more would receive a personal phone call from Wilson himself. According to the website, over $250K was raised. In November 2005, former bandmate Mike Love sued Wilson over "shamelessly misappropriating... Love's songs, likeness, and the Beach Boys trademark, as well as the 'Smile' album itself" in the promotion of SMiLE. The lawsuit was ultimately thrown out of court on grounds that it was meritless.

On November 1, 2006, Wilson kicked off a small but highly anticipated tour celebrating the 40th anniversary of Pet Sounds. He was joined by Al Jardine.

Wilson released a new album That Lucky Old Sun on September 2, 2008. The piece originally debuted in a series of September 2007 concerts at London's Royal Festival Hall, and in January 2008 at Sydney's State Theatre while headlining the Sydney Festival. Wilson describes the piece as "consisting of five 'rounds', with interspersed spoken word". A series of US and UK concerts lead up to its release.

Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite or Trece Martirez

The Thirteen Martyrs of Cavite (Spanish: Trece mártires de Cavite) were Filipino patriots in Cavite, Philippines who were executed by mustketry on September 11, 1896, for cooperating with the Katipunan during the Philippine Revolution against Spain. The city of Trece Martires in Cavite is named after them.

Luis Aguado was the son of a captain in the Spanish navy. He would later become supply chief of the Spanish arsenal in Fort San Felipe in the town of Cavite (now Cavite City). He was married to Felisa Osorio, sister of Francisco Osorio and oldest daughter of Antonio Osorio, a Chinese-Filipino businessman reputed to be the richest in Cavite at that time. Aguado's widow would later marry Daniel Tria Tirona.

Eugenio Cabezas (b. 1855 in Santa Cruz, Manila) was a goldsmith who was a freemason and Katipunero. He was married to Luisa Antonio of Cavite by whom he had seven children. He owned a jewelry and watch repair shop on Calle Real (now called Trece Martires Street) in Cavite which was used by the Katipunan as a meeting place.

Feliciano Cabuco (b. June 9, 1865 in Caridad, Cavite Puerto) was born to a wealthy family in Cavite el Viejo (now Cavite City). He worked in a hospital. He was married to Marcela Bernal of Caridad by whom he had two sons.

Agapito Conchu (born 1862) was a native of Binondo, Manila who migrated to Cavite and became a school teacher, musician, photographer, painter and lithographer.

Alfonso de Ocampo (born 1860 in Cavite) was a Spanish mestizo, who had been sergeant in the Spanish colonial army before his appointment as assistant provincial jail warden. He was both a freemason and Katipunanero. He was married to Ana Espíritu by whom he had two children.

Máximo Gregorio (born November 18, 1856 in Pasay, Morong) was drafted into the Spanish colonial army while he was studying at the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán. After training in San Antonio, Cavite, he was inducted into Regiment No. 72 and dispatched to Jolo, Sulu to fight the Muslims. Upon his return from Mindanao, was appointed chief clerk of the Comisaría de Guerra in Cavite where he worked for 20 years. He became a freemason and joined the Katipunan in 1892. He organized two Katipunan branches, namely, the Balangay No. 1 named Marikit (Bright) in Barrio San Antonio, Cavite and Balangay No. 2 called Lintik (Lightning) in Barrio San Rafael, also of Cavite. Among the people he initiated into the Katipunan were the jail warden Severino Lapidario, Feliciano Cabuco, tailor José Lallana, watchmaker Eugenio Cabezas and tailor Eulogio Raymundo. He was married to Celedonia Santiago with who he had four children.

Máximo Inocencio (born November 18, 1833 in Cavite) was the oldest of the martyrs. Being a freemason, he was implicated in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872 and was subsequently exiled to Ceuta in Spanish Morocco or Cartagena, Spain for 10 years. Upon his return he rebuilt a fortune from building and bridge contracting, shipbuilding, sawmilling, logging and trading. He was married to Narcisa Francisco with whom he had nine children,

José Lallana (born 1836 in Cavite) was a tailor whose shop was used by the Katipunan as a meeting place. Lallana was married to Benita Tapawan of Imus, by whom he had two children, Clara and Ramón. Ramón would later join the Philippine Revolution to avenge his father's death, but he never returned and is believed to have been killed in action.

Severino Lapidario (born January 8, 1847 in Imus, Cavite) was a corporal in the Spanish Marine Infantry who was implicated in the Cavite Mutiny of 1872. He later regained the confidence of the Spanish colonial authorities who named him warden of the Cavite provincial jail in 1890.

Victoriano Luciano (born March 23, 1863) was a pharmacist and freemason who was recognized for his formula of rare perfumes and lotions and was a a member Colegio de Farmaceuticos de Manila. He studied at the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán and University of Santo Tomas. He owned a pharmacy, Botica Luciano, on Real Street (now Trece Martires Avenue) in Cavite whih was also a meeting place of the Katipunan.

Francisco Osorio (born 1860) was the scion of a wealthy and well-connected family in Cavite. Little is known of him except that he was not a freemason or a Katipunanero.

Hugo Pérez (born 1856 in Binondo, Manila) was a physician. There is little biographical information about Perez except that he was a freemason.

Antonio San Agustín (born March 8, 1860 in San Roque, Cavite) was a scion of a wealthy family. He studied at Colegio de San Juan de Letran and University of Santo Tomas. He was married to Juliana Reyes. He owned the only bookstore, La Aurora, in the town which was used as a meetingplace by the Katipunan.

Macario Sacay

Macario Sacay y de León (or Macario Sakay) was a Filipino general in the Philippine-American War who continued resistance against the United States following the official American declaration of the war's end in 1902.

An original member of the Katipunan movement, he fought alongside Andres Bonifacio throughout the Philippine Revolution of 1896. In 1899 he continued the struggle for Philippine independence against the United States. Near the end of the Philippine American War Sacay was captured and jailed by the Philippine Constabulary. After the surrender of the last Filipino Commanding General Miguel Malvar in April 1902, President Theodore Roosevelt officially ended the Philippine American War on July 4, 1902. With the end of the war, Sacay was granted amnesty and released from prison. On November 12, 1902 the Philippine Commission passed the Bandolerism Act which proclaimed all captured resistance fighters or insurgents to be tried in court as bandits, ladrones, and robbers. In April 1904, Sacay issued his own manifesto proclaiming himself President and established his own government called Republika ng Katagalugan (the Tagalog Republic) in opposition to U.S. colonial rule. The U.S. Government does not recognize Sacay's government and through the Bandolerism Act labels him an outlaw. The Governor General, the U.S. Government, and the U.S. military leave the pursuit of Sacay in the hands of the Philippine Constabulary and Philippine Scouts. In 1905 concentration camps, often referred to as Zonas, are re-established in parts of Cavite, Batangas, and Laguna. This has little effect on Sacay and his freedom fighters. Extensive fighting continues in Southern-Luzon for months.

On 14 July 1906, after receiving a letter from the American governor-general promising amnesty for himself and his men in exchange for surrender, Sacay, one of the last remaining Filipino generals, finally surrendered.

Three days later, he was arrested nevertheless and imprisoned. Convicted as a tulisan or bandit, Sacay was executed on September 13, 1907 by hanging.

Jonas Brothers

The Jonas Brothers made history being the first group ever to sell more than 100,000 digital downloads for three consecutive singles: "Burnin' Up", 183,000+ first week sales, "Play My Music", 109,000+ sales, and "Pushin' Me Away", 116,000+ sales. In addition, "Burnin' Up", "Pushin' Me Away", and "Tonight" all charted as #1 on the iTunes "Top Songs" Chart for several days, pushing off Katy Perry's "I Kissed a Girl", which had been charting for weeks on #1 already.

The band were also the cover boys for Rolling Stone Magazine for the July 2008 issue.

On August 4, 2008, the brothers appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and performed Burnin' Up in front of an outdoor audience.

The Jonas Brothers visited downtown Cleveland, Ohio's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame before their sold-out concert on the evening of August 22, 2008 at Blossom Music Center. The band had also presented their suits and pants that they wore on the cover artwork of A Little Bit Longer to Jim Henke, vice president of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The suits are part of the Right Here, Right Now! exhibit, which includes some of today's most popular artists.

The Jonas Brothers are going to start filming a Disney Channel Original Series created by Michael Curtis (of Phil of the Future) and Roger S.H. Schulman (Shrek), directed by Jeremiah S. Chechik (National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation, The Bronx is Burning) starting in September. The show was previously titled J.O.N.A.S! (stands for "Junior Operative Networks as Spies"), but its unsure if the name will stay or not, since a new storyline had been written, and they are not going to use the original filmed pilot. The original pilot was about a teenage rock band (Jonas Brothers) having double lives as government-hired spies. On Good Morning America, Nick stated that they have changed the story line and it is no longer having to do with the original story line. The New York Post later reported that the show will be like HBO's "Flight of the Conchords". The show will premiere in May or June 2009

Teresa Magbanua

Teresa Magbanua y Ferraris earned the distinction of being the only woman to lead combat troops in the Visayas against Spanish and American forces. Born in Pototan, Iloilo, Philippines on 13 October 1868, to wealthy parents, she earned a teaching degree and taught in her hometown. Having come from a family of revolutionaries, she immediately volunteered her services to the motherland and became an exceptional horseman and marksman. She led a large group of men in the Battle of Barrio Yoting, Capiz in early December 1898. She outfought the Spanish troops at the Battle of Sapong Hills near Sara.

She suffered greatly from the early death of her brothers General Pascual Magbanua and Elias Magbanua, at the hands of traitors.

Fifty years later, her heroism was once again displayed when she helped finance a guerrilla resistance movement by defenders together with the Allied Philippine Commonwealth troops and the Ilonggo guerillas against the Japanese in the Battle for the Liberation of Iloilo.

She died on August, 1947, exact day unknown.

Her famous quote: "The situation in a country at a particular time creates its own breed of heroes and heroines."

Jesus A. Villamor

Jesús Antonio Villamor was a Filipino pilot who fought the Japanese in World War II.

For his bravery as a pilot and ingenuity as an intelligence officer, President Ramón Magsaysay awarded Lieutenant Col. Villamor the Medal of Valor, the highest Philippine military bravery decoration, on January 21, 1954. The Philippine Air Force's principal facility in Metro Manila which was first known as Nichols Field then later Nichols Air Base was renamed Col. Jesús Villamor Air Base in his honor.

Villamor was one of seven children. He studied commerce at De La Salle College (now DLSU-Manila) in Manila, hoping to pursue a business career. He joined the Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC) Flying School in 1936 and was sent to the United States for training, and after three years, began flying B-17's as part of the US Air Force's Strategic Bombing Squadron.

Upon his return to the Philippines, Villamor was assigned to lead the 6th Pursuit Squadron (now 6th Tactical Fighter Squadron) shortly before the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in December 1941. In the skies above Zablan and Batangas Fields, against Japanese Zeros, his squadron of P-26 fighters engaged the enemy. He was twice cited by the United States Army for bravery, receiving the Distinguished Service Cross for actions on December 10, 1941 and an Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a second award of the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) for actions on December 12, 1941, (see Cesar Basa for more details) making him the only Filipino to receive the DSC twice.

After his squadron was destroyed, Villamor continued his war against the Japanese as an intelligence officer. On December 27, 1942 Villamor was part of a team inserted by the submarine USS Gudgeon (SS-211) into the Philippines. Establishing a chain of direct communication from the Philippines with General Douglas MacArthur in Australia, he coordinated the activities of various guerrilla movements in Luzon, Mindanao and the Visayas. Villamor acted as the "clearing house" for information, which helped the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) to map out a strategy to liberate the Philippines.

Francisco Dagohoy

Francisco Dagohoy, (born Francisco Sendrijas) is a Bol-anon who holds the distinction of having led the longest revolt in Philippine history, the famous Dagohoy Rebellion. This rebellion against the Spanish colonial government, took place in the island of Bohol from 1744 to 1829, roughly 85 years.

Dagohoy features in the Bohol provincial flag as one of the two bolos or native swords with handle and hand-guards on top. These two bolos, which are reclining respectively towards the left and right, depict the Dagohoy and Tamblot revolts, symbolizing that " a true Boholano will rise and fight if supervening factors embroil them into something beyond reason or tolerance."

There is little known information about Francisco Dagohoy. There are no available records on his parentage, birthday and boyhood. The only information known is that his real name was Francisco Sendrijas and that he was a native of Inabanga, Bohol. He was also a cabeza de barangay or one of the barangay captain of the town.

Historians believe that his alias, Francisco Dagohoy, was derived from a belief that he had an amulet (called “agimat” in Tagalog and “dagon” in the Cebuano language) that protected him from being harmed by his enemies. The people believed that he possessed the charm of a gentle wind or “hoyohoy” in the Cebuano language that allowed him to jump from one hill to another and from one side of the river to the other.[5] He was believed to have a clear vision inside dark caves and be invisible whenever and wherever he wants to. The Dagohoy surname was derived from his local alias “Dagon sa hoyohoy.”

According to a local historian, Jes Tirol, the name Dagohoy is a concatenation of the Visayan phrase dagon sa hoyohoy meaning talisman of the breeze.

Dagohoy will always live in the pages of Philippine history, not only as a good brother and a heroic man, but also as a leader of the longest Filipino insurrection on record. His revolt lasted 85 years(1744-1829).

The town of Dagohoy, Bohol is named in his honor. It was the former Phiippine President Carlos P. Garcia, then the Vice President who also comes from Bohol, who proposed the name "Dagohoy" in honor of the greatest Boholano hero.

A historical marker on Dagohoy's grave in the mountains of Danao, Bohol has been installed in his honor. The Dagohoy Marker in Magtangtang, Danao, Bohol, 92 km. from the Tagbilaran City was installed by the Philippine Historica Commission to honor the heroic deeds of Dagohoy. Magtangtang was Dagohoy's headquarters or hideout during the revolt. Hundreds of Dagohoy's followers preferred death inside the cave than surrender. Their skeletons still remain in the site.

The Dagohoy Memorial National High School in Dagohoy, Bohol is named in his honor and his memory.

Jessica Simpson

Simpson released her first single, "I Wanna Love You Forever," which peaked at #3 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 2000. Soon afterward her major label debut album Sweet Kisses was released. To support the album, Simpson toured with Ricky Martin and boy band 98 Degrees. Simpson and 98 Degrees group member Nick Lachey began dating shortly afterwards. After dating for two years, the couple cooled their relationship. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, the couple reconciled. Simpson stated, "After 9/11, I knew that I never ever wanted to be away from Nick ever for the rest of my life."

Meanwhile, Simpson's album Sweet Kisses had gone double platinum, helped by follow-up singles "Where You Are" and "I Think I'm In Love With You", which were both released in 2000. The latter became Simpson's biggest radio hit at that point, and was her first release of an uptempo single. Although her debut album sold 2 million copies, sales fell far short of those achieved by Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera, and unlike the two pop princesses, Simpson was not a worldwide household name. Columbia Records officials reportedly decided Simpson needed a change for her second album.

In 2001, Simpson recorded a follow-up album with what Columbia considered more radio-friendly, up-tempo tracks. The result in that was Irresistible, released in mid-2001 on the heels of the title-track first single. "Irresistible" became one of the biggest hits of her career; it peaked at # 15 on the Hot 100. Irresistible debuted at #6 in June 2001 on the Billboard 200 Album Chart, and has sold 825,000 copies to date.

In 2006, Simpson then returned to the recording studio, switching labels from Columbia to Epic Records. Her fourth album, A Public Affair, was released on August 29, 2006 via Epic Records. The album debuted at #5 on the Billboard 200 with 101,000 copies sold in its first week. The first single, "A Public Affair" (#14, 2006), reached the Top 20 of the Hot 100 but quickly fell off the charts. The music video for "A Public Affair" featured Eva Longoria, Christina Applegate, Christina Milian, Maria Menounos, Andy Dick and Ryan Seacrest. A second single, "I Belong To Me," was also released through her website and is now included on the CD itself. The single's video appeared on TRL countdowns, but quickly fell off.

In December 2006, while performing a tribute to Dolly Parton at the Kennedy Center Awards, she botched the lyrics, getting flustered in front of a crowd that included prominent persons such as Steven Spielberg, Shania Twain, and President George W. Bush. Though Simpson was given the chance to redo the song for cameras, her portion was edited out of the CBS broadcast.

In September 2007, Simpson's father Joe Simpson stated to People magazine on September 11, 2007, that Simpson was considering doing a country album. Joe Simpson told People that she is "talking about doing a country record and going back to her roots, being from Texas."

The video for the first single, "Come On Over", premiered on Simpson's official website in July 2008. The country album, entitled Do You Know, is scheduled for a September 9, 2008 release.

Ninoy Aquino

In Ninoy Aquino's honor, the Manila International Airport where he was assassinated was renamed Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) and his image is printed on the 500-peso bill. The Philippine Congress enacted Republic Act (R.A.) 9256, declaring August 21, the anniversary of his death, as Ninoy Aquino Day, an annual public holiday in the Philippines. Several monuments were built in his honor. Most renowned is the bronze memorial in Makati City near the Philippine Stock Exchange, which today is a venue of endless anti-government rallies and demonstrations.

Although Ninoy Aquino was recognized as the most prominent and most outspoken critic of the Marcos dictatorship, in the years prior to martial law he was regarded by many as being a representative of the entrenched familial bureaucracy which to this day dominates Philippine politics. While atypically telegenic and uncommonly articulate, he had his share of detractors and was not known to be immune to ambitions and excesses of the ruling political class. However, during his seven years and seven months imprisoned as a political prisoner of Marcos, Aquino read a book entitled Born Again by convicted Watergate conspirator Charles Colson and it inspired him to a religious awakening.

As a result, the remainder of his personal and political life would undertake a distinct spiritual sheen. He emerged as a contemporary counterpart of the great Rizal, who was among the world's earliest proponents of the use of non-violence to combat a repressive regime. Many remained skeptical of Aquino's redirected spiritual focus, but it ultimately had an effect on his wife's political career. While some may question the prominence given Aquino in Philippine history, it was his assassination that was pivotal to the downfall of a despotic ruler and the eventual restoration of democracy in the Philippines.

As part of Republic Act No. 9256, the Monday nearest August 21 was declared (SECTION 1. Section 26, Chapter 7, Book I of Executive Order No. 292, otherwise known as the Administrative Code of 1987) a nationwide special holiday (Ninoy Aquino Day) by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines and approved on July 25, 2007 by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, President of the Philippines.

Epifanio de los Santos

Epifanio de los Santos y Cristobal (July 7, 1871–April 28, 1928) was most distuinguished as a Filipino historian, intellectual titan, literary critic, jurist, antiquitarian and patriot. He was appointed director of the Philippine National Museum and Library by Governor General Leonard Wood in 1925.

De los Santos was considered one of the best Filipino writers in Spanish of his time, compared only to Marcelo H. del Pilar. As a young man, he was the first Filipino to become a member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Language, Spanish Royal Academy of Literature and Spanish Royal Academy of History in Madrid and was touted as the "First Filipino Academician". It was the admiration of his writings that Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo asked the Real Academia Española to open its door to the benevolent young native scholar. As an ardent nationalist, De los Santos was associate editor of the revolutionary paper La Independencia, writing in scathing prose under the pen name G. Solon. He also co-founded newspapers like La Libertad, El Renaciemento, La Democracia, La Patria and Malaysia. He also made valuable publications namely; Algo de Prosa ( 1909), Literatura Tagala ( 1911), El Teatro Tagala (1911) Nuestra Literatura (1913), El Proceso del Dr. Jose Rizal (1914), Folklore Musical de Filipinas (1920). He also authored Filipinos y filipinistas (Filipinos and Filipinists), Cuentos y paisajes Filipinos (Philippine Stories and Scenes) and Criminality in the Philippines (1903-1908). He was the most eminent scholar of “Samahan ng mga Mananagalog” which was initiated by Felipe Calderon in 1904, and it includes active members with the likes of Lope K. Santos, Rosa Sevilla, Hermenigildo Cruz, Jaime C. De Veyra and Patricio Mariano. He was a man of many excellent talents and had been documented as a translator (Spanish, English, French and German), linguist (even dialects like Ita, Tingian, Ibalao), philosopher, philologist, painter, musician (guitar, piano and violin), poet, biographer, bibliographer, monographer, journalist, publisher, essayist, editor, literary critic, art critic, lecturer, researcher, government executive, jurist, politician, lawyer, outstanding civil servant and philantropist in his lifetime by various historians (Gregorio F. Zaide, Libardo D. Cayco, Teodoro Agoncillo et. al.), local and foreign writers and even American critics like Austin Craig and A.V. Hardtendorp. As a gifted artist, he was described as a brilliant painter but failed to develop more of this talent. As an accomplished musican, he was one of the expert pianist and master guitar player in his time compared to his follower,Guillermo Tolentino (distuinguished sculptor), and General Fernando Canon (revolutionary hero). The artistic potential of the guitar through his skills was realized and documentedly praised by local and foreign music critics like Charles E. Griffith. Griffith likened his guitar playing to the great Segovia of Spain. He was also known to play the violin as well. This outstanding feat earns him a polymath status just like Jose Rizal. Gregorio F. Zaide, his biographer, and Hartendorp has described him a rare genius with his encyclopedic knowledge and talents.

Rihanna

Rihanna went into the studio in early 2007 with Ne-Yo, Stargate, and Timbaland among others to record her third album, Good Girl Gone Bad. The album was released on June 5, 2007, features Jay-Z and Ne-Yo. Rihanna worked with Timbaland on three songs in the album. Justin Timberlake co-wrote and provides background vocals on "Rehab".

The album so far has yielded five hit singles, including the world-wide number one hit "Umbrella", featuring Jay-Z. In addition to reaching number one in various countries, "Umbrella" was the number one single in the UK for 10 consecutive weeks, making it the longest running UK number one single since Wet Wet Wet's single "Love Is All Around", back in 1994, and the longest running number one by a female artist since Whitney Houston's "I Will Always Love You", which also topped the chart for 10 weeks in 1992. By the end of the year, "Umbrella" was ranked second on the Billboard Hot 100 year-end chart in the United States; however, due to the song's world-wide chart dominance it was named the most successful song in the world for 2007, getting 8,160,000 points on the United World Chart.

Her other singles, "Shut Up and Drive" and "Don't Stop The Music" were able to mirror the success of "Umbrella", with "Don't Stop the Music" reaching number three on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Rihanna's seventh top ten single and her fourth top five hit, while peaking at number one in various countries, including the United World Chart. The fourth single (third single in the US and UK) "Hate That I Love You", featuring Ne-Yo, was able to peak at number seven in the U.S.

Starting September 12, 2007, Rihanna toured Canada and the United States in support of the album with several shows and then crossed to Europe. The tour was called called the Good Girl Gone Bad Tour, and was released on DVD on June 17, 2008, featuring the show performed at the Manchester Evening News Arena on December 6, 2007.

Rihanna premiered a new single, "Take a Bow", on KIIS-FM's On Air with Ryan Seacrest. The song was backed by the re-issue of her third album, titled Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded, which was released on June 17, 2008.[26] It peaked at number one on the Hot 100 and on the UK Singles Chart, as well as numerous other countries. Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded also includes Rihanna's duet with Maroon 5, "If I Never See Your Face Again" and her newest US single, "Disturbia".

Hugh Hefner

Hugh Marston Hefner (born April 9, 1926) is an American magazine publisher, best known as the editor-in-chief of Playboy magazine, and founder and Chief Creative Officer of Playboy Enterprises.

Hefner has always espoused a shared liberal/libertarian stance in his editorials and in his life. On June 4, 1963, Hefner was arrested for selling obscene literature after an issue of Playboy featuring nude shots of actress Jayne Mansfield was released. Six months later, a jury was unable to reach a verdict.

His former secretary, Bobbie Arnstein, was found dead in a Chicago hotel room at the age of 34 after an overdose of drugs in January 1975. Hefner called a press conference to allege that she had been driven to suicide by narcotics agents and federal officers. Hefner, whose mansions in Chicago and Beverly Hills had come under the scrutiny of federal agents because of alleged drugs parties, claimed the Government was out to get him because of Playboy's philosophy and its advocacy of more liberal drug laws. Incidentally, Hefner insists to this day that no illegal drugs are allowed on the grounds of any of his mansions, and has stated that anyone found to have brought illegal drugs onto the grounds, or used them while on the grounds, is subjected to immediate and permanent expulsion from the Playboy Mansions.

The Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Awards were created by daughter Christie in 1979 "to honor individuals who have made significant contributions in the vital effort to protect and enhance First Amendment rights for Americans."

Hefner and his family have donated and raised great amounts of money for the Democratic Party.

Phelps Michael

As a young teenager, Phelps trained at the North Baltimore Aquatic Club, under coach Bob Bowman. At the age of 15, Phelps competed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, becoming the youngest American male swimmer at an Olympic Games in 68 years. While he did not win a medal, he was fifth in the 200 m Butterfly. Phelps proceeded to make a name for himself in swimming shortly thereafter. Five months after the Sydney Olympics, Phelps broke the world record in the 200 m butterfly to become, at 15 years and 9 months, the youngest man ever to set a swimming world record. He then broke his own record again at the World Championships in Fukuoka, Japan (1:54.58). At the 2002 Summer Nationals in Fort Lauderdale, Phelps also broke the world record for the 400 m individual medley and set American marks in the 100 m butterfly and the 200 m individual medley.

In 2003, Phelps broke his own world record in the 400 m individual medley (4:09.09) and in June, he broke the world record in the 200 m individual medley (1:56.04). Then on July 7, 2004, Phelps broke his own world record again in the 400 m individual medley (4:08.41) during the U.S. trials for the 2004 Summer Olympics.

In 2004, Phelps left North Baltimore Aquatic Club with Bob Bowman to train at the University of Michigan for Club Wolverine.

Sharapova Maria

Maria Yuryevna Sharapova (born April 19, 1987) is a former World No. 1 Russian professional tennis player. As of August 4, 2008, she is ranked World No. 4 by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA).

Sharapova has won three Grand Slam singles titles. In 2004, at the age of 17, she won Wimbledon, defeating Serena Williams in the final. She has since won the 2006 US Open, defeating Justine Henin in the final, and the 2008 Australian Open, defeating Ana Ivanovic in the final.

As of July 2008, she is the world's highest-paid female athlete. She is currently coached by her father, Yuri Sharapov, and former player Michael Joyce.

Sharapova's representation of Russia in the Fed Cup has been controversial. At the end of 2004, compatriot Anastasia Myskina stated she would stop playing for Russia if Sharapova joined. Nevertheless, at the end of 2005, Sharapova stated she was now keen to make her Fed Cup debut and was set to play against Belgium in April 2006, but withdrew.

Sharapova later withdrew from ties against Spain in April 2007 and against the United States in July 2007 because of injuries. The latter withdrawal led to Russia's captain saying she would be "ineligible for selection" for the Fed Cup final in September. However, Sharapova attended the final, cheering from the sidelines and acting as a "hitting partner" in practices, resulting in some of her Russian teammates implying that she was attending only to enable her to play at the 2008 Beijing Olympics (rules state that players must have "shown commitment" to Fed Cup in order to play). Svetlana Kuznetsova said, "She said she wanted to be our practise partner but if you can't play how then can you practise?"

Sharapova finally made her Fed Cup debut in February 2008, in Russia's quarterfinal tie against Israel. Sharapova won both her singles rubbers, against Tzipora Obziler and Shahar Peer, helping Russia to a 4-1 victory.

James LeBron

LeBron Raymone James (born December 30, 1984) is an American professional basketball player who currently plays for the Cleveland Cavaliers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). James, commonly nicknamed "King James," and sometimes referred to as "The L-Train" by Austin Carr, was highly promoted in the national media as a future NBA star while still in high school at St. Vincent - St. Mary High School, and was named Ohio's "Mr. Basketball" three times. At the age of 18, he was selected with the first overall pick in the 2003 NBA Draft by the Cavaliers and signed an unprecedented US$90 million shoe contract with Nike before his NBA debut. He has since set numerous youngest player records. In his first season, he received the NBA Rookie of the Year Award and in the following four seasons received All-NBA and All-Star honors. He has led the Cavaliers to consecutive playoff appearances in 2006, 2007, and 2008; in 2007, the team advanced to the Conference Finals for the first time since 1992 and the NBA Finals for the first time in franchise history.

James is listed as a small forward, but often handles the ball and runs the Cavalier's offense as a point guard would. James was a member of the United States men's national basketball team that won the bronze medal in the 2004 Olympics in Athens and he finished second in the league Most Valuable Player balloting in 2006.

Bryant Kobe

Kobe Bean Bryant (born August 23, 1978(1978-08-23)) is an American All-Star shooting guard who plays for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association. Bryant is the only son of former Philadelphia 76ers player and former Los Angeles Sparks head coach Joe "Jellybean" Bryant. His parents named him after the famous beef of Kobe, Japan, which they saw on a restaurant menu.

Bryant rose to national prominence in 1996 when he became the first guard in league history to be drafted out of high school. Bryant and then-teammate Shaquille O'Neal led the Lakers to three consecutive NBA championships from 2000 to 2002. Since O'Neal's departure following the 2003-04 season, Bryant has become the cornerstone of the Lakers franchise, and was the NBA's leading scorer during the 2005-06 and 2006-07 seasons. In 2006, Bryant scored a career high 81 points against the Toronto Raptors, the second highest number of points scored in NBA history. He was awarded the season's MVP in the 2007-08 NBA season after leading his team to the 2008 NBA Playoffs as the first seed in the Western Conference.

In 2003, Bryant made headlines when he was accused of sexual assault at a ski resort in Eagle, Colorado by a hotel employee. Bryant admitted an adulterous sexual encounter with the accuser, but denied the sexual assault allegation. In September 2004, prosecutors dropped the case after his accuser informed them that she was unwilling to testify. Bryant's accuser brought a separate civil suit against him that was ultimately settled out of court.

Bryant is a shooting guard who is capable of playing the small forward position. He is considered one of the most complete players in NBA history, has been elected to every All-NBA Team since 1999, and has been featured in the last ten NBA All-Star games. He is a prolific scorer, averaging 25.0 points per game for his career, along with 4.6 assists, 5.3 rebounds, and 1.5 steals. He is known for his ability to create shots for himself, and is an adept outside shooter, sharing the single-game NBA record for three pointers made with twelve. He has exceptional ballhandling skills and utilizes his speed and athletic ability to elude defenders to finish at the basket. Aside from this, he is also a standout defender, having made the All-Defensive 1st or 2nd Team 8 of the last 9 seasons.

AmeriCorps

AmeriCorps is an American network of more than 3,000 non-profit organizations, public agencies, and faith-based organizations. It was created in 1993 by President Bill Clinton. More than 70,000 individuals join AmeriCorps each year. There have been more than 500,000 members since 1994. The work done by these groups ranges from public education to environmental clean-up.

AmeriCorps is a division of the Corporation for National and Community Service, which also oversees the Senior Corps and Learn and Serve America. Collectively, these three programs represent a total of more than 2 million members in service each year. AmeriCorps itself is split into three main divisions, including AmeriCorps State and National, VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America), and NCCC (National Civilian Community Corps).

AmeriCorps dates to the early 1990s. Research has illustrated that AmeriCorps programs have a variety of effects on civic education, education, and public service.

Citizen science

Citizen science is a term used for projects or ongoing program of scientific work in which individual volunteers or networks of volunteers, many of whom may have no specific scientific training, perform or manage research-related tasks such as observation, measurement or computation.

The use of citizen-science networks often allows scientists to accomplish research objectives more feasibly than would otherwise be possible. In addition, these projects aim to promote public engagement with the research, as well as with science in general. Some programs provide materials specifically for use by primary or secondary school students. As such, citizen science is one approach to informal science education.

The longest-running citizen science project currently active is probably the Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count, which started in 1900. Other well-known examples of citizen science programs include World Water Monitoring Day, NASA's Stardust@home and Clickworkers, a variety of projects run by the Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, such as Ebird, NestWatch, Project FeederWatch, and Celebrate Urban Birds and the Galaxy Zoo project. Citizen science networks are extensively involved in phenology, the observation of cyclic events of nature, in order to investigate how global warming affects plant and animal life in different geographic areas. Distributed computing ventures such as SETI@home may also be considered citizen science, even though the primary task of computation is performed by volunteers' computers.

CISV

CISV International (formerly Children's International Summer Villages) is an international youth organization, founded on the aim of achieving world peace through cross-cultural understanding and friendship. The organization operates international programs on an annual basis to bring together participants from member countries.

CISV was founded in 1951 by Dr. Doris Twitchell Allen. Since then, the organization has expanded into 80 countries, and over 150,000 delegates have participated in more than four thousand international CISV activities.

For Dr. Allen and the CISV organization, children and youth were seen as the ideal starting point for peace education. Programmes were developed which offered young people opportunities to meet their peers from other countries and to form intercultural friendships. Locally, programmes give people the chance to learn about the cultures in their own communities and explore important themes related to peace and understanding.

Gregoria de Jesus

Gregoria de Jesus (15 May 1875 – 15 March 1943), also known as Aling Oriang, was the founder and vice-president of the women's chapter of the Katipunan of the Philippines. She was also the custodian of the documents and seal of the Katipunan. She married Andrés Bonifacio, the supremo of the Katipunan, and played a major role in the Philippine Revolution. She is regarded as "The Mother of the Philippine Revolution" by Filipinos. She has one son from Andrés Bonifacio and five children from Julio Nakpil.

When Gregoria de Jesus was only 18 years old, Andrés Bonifacio fell in love with her and wanted to marry her. He revealed his intentions to her parents, but her father refused and was against their marriage because Andrés was a Freemason. After almost six months, she had fallen in love with him. She revealed that to her father and asked for his approval on their marriage and the father agreed.

After Bonifacio's death, Gregoria was able to escape capture. She left to the Pasig mountains and it was there that she met Julio Nakpil, a commander of the Katipunan troops in Northern Philippines. The two fell in love with each other, and were married in a Catholic church on 10 December 1898 in Manila. After the end of the Philippine Revolution and after peace was restored in the Philippines, Gregoria lived with her husband and six children in a house with a well-known Filipino philanthropist, Dr. Ariston Bautista, and his wife, Petrona Nakpil. The doctor took good care of her and her children and helped raise them and educate them.

Gregoria de Jesus died in 1943 during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines.

Global Youth Action Network

The Global Youth Action Network (GYAN) is an international network of youth NGOs spanning 180 countries, and headquartered in New York, near the United Nations. GYAN is a youth-led not for profit organization (registered in 2001, New York [USA], under section 501[c]3) that incubates global partnerships and increases youth participation in decision-making. GYAN has registered chapters in Brazil, Colombia, France, Ghana, Mexico, and South Africa, with teams working out of an additional eight countries.

GYAN catalogs and helps to connect youth groups to each other, to information, resources and opportunities that empower their work for social change. Membership is open to any organization that does not promote hatred or violence towards others, and that is youth-led, youth-serving or youth-friendly. GYAN's 600 member organizations help determine future priorities for the Network, working to implement a "5-Level Model of Effective Youth Organizing", based on Integral theory and 10 years of organizing experience.

Through a partnership with TakingITGlobal, an active Internet community of student organizers, vounteers and activitists, GYAN has helped to catalog more than 10,000 youth organizations on-line. GYAN's YouthLinkExpress e-newsletter reaches 12,000 subscribing individuals, institutions and leaders in the youth development and other sectors.

GYAN is known for co-coordinating Global Youth Service Day, a program of Youth Service America, since its launch in 2000. These have grown into the world's largest annual celebration of young volunteers, with millions of participants. The organization has also worked to increase youth participation and channel youth voices into policy-making at international institutions, such as the United Nations, where it holds Special Consultative Status with the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), and Affiliate Status with the Department of Public Information.

British Columbia Youth Parliament

The British Columbia Youth Parliament (BCYP) is a youth service organization that operates in the guise of a "parliament" in the Canadian province of British Columbia. The BCYP fulfills its motto of "Youth Serving Youth" by means of "legislation" enacting community service projects and other youth-oriented activities. The BCYP is the successor to the Older Boys' Parliament of British Columbia, which first met in 1924.

During the week that the BCYP meets in the Legislature, the members elect a new Premier, Leader of the Opposition and Deputy Speaker for the next legislative year.

On the last day of the annual sitting of the BCYP, a Prorogation ceremony is held. As part of the ceremony, the Lieutenant Governor (a person appointed by the Premier, usually a prominent person in the community) signs all approved bills into “law”. After the December sittings, the members become the organization’s own “civil service” and implement the community service projects legislated at the session.

For most of the BCYP’s history, the legislative year was referred to a “session”; however, in the mid-1990s the BCYP began referring to the annual session as a “parliament”, in keeping with Parliamentary tradition.

The BCYP models itself on the Westminster Parliamentary system. The BCYP is sponsored by the Youth Parliament of B.C. Alumni Association, a charitable organization registered with the Canada Revenue Agency. In keeping with the parliamentary structure of the BCYP, the board of directors of the Alumni Association is referred to as the “Senate”.

The BCYP itself is lead by a cabinet appointed by the Premier-elect. The Premier-elect also appoints various other officers, such as a Lieutenant Governor, a Speaker, a chief clerk, and a Sergeant-At-Arms, among others. The legislative year for a Premier and his or her cabinet runs from October 1 to September 30 of the following year. The Premier and Cabinet plan the “government’s” legislative plan and prepare the bills for consideration at the December sitting of the BCYP.

Blas Ople

Blas Fajardo Ople (February 3, 1927 – December 14, 2003), Senator of the Philippines from 1992-2002 and Philippine Secretary (Minister) of Labor and Employment from 1967-1986, was born on February 3, 1927 in Hagonoy, Bulacan. He graduated validictorian in the grade school at the Hagonoy Elementary School in 1941. In 1948, he finished his high school at the Far Eastern University. He pursued a degree in liberal arts at the Educational Center of Asia (formerly Quezon College) in Manila.

Despite being in the opposition, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo appointed Ople as Secretary of Foreign Affairs in 2002. He held the position until his death. On December 13, 2003, Ople suffred heart attack, while boarding the aircraft to Dubai, which made an emergency landing at Chiang Kai-shek International Airport in Taoyuan County, Taiwan. He died of a heart attack at 10:30 a.m. at Minsheng General Hospital in Taoyuan, east of Taipei, the following day. He was 76.

Ople ran for senator (under the pro-Marcos Grand Alliance for Democracy coalition) and lost in the 1987 congressional elections. In 1992, he ran again for senator (under the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino and won. In 1998, he was reelected again. As a Senator, he became Senate President Pro-tempore from 1998-1999, Senate President from 1999-2000, and Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was one of the proponents of the 1999 RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement and one of the 11 senator-judges that denied the opening of the 2nd envelope during the impeachment trial of President Joseph Estrada in 2001.

In 1978, Ople was elected member of the Interim Batasang Pambansa representing Central Luzon and was reelected in the 1984 regular Batasang Pambansa. Ople also served as political campaign manager of President Marcos in the 1986 Snap Elections.

Miguel Malvar

Miguel Malvar y Carpio was a leader in the Philippine Revolution (1896—1898).

He was born on September 27, 1865 in Santo Tomas, Batangas to Maximo Malvar and Tiburcia Carpio. His father was a wealthy sugarcane and rice farmer whose success enabled Miguel and his siblings to acquire an education. With this education, he prospered in oranges on land he had worked hard for. He also married and had children.

Then, with his Batangas Brigade, Malvar successfully liberated Tayabas from the Spaniards on June 15, 1898 after a two-month battle, and soon the Spaniards were defeated and cornered in Manila.

But the success against the Spaniards was brief, for the Philippine-American War had broken out on February 4, 1899, and Malvar was soon fighting a new enemy.

By the mid-1890s, the Philippine Revolution had broken out, and Malvar found himself leading an army he personally put together, with the leader of the revolution, Emilio Aguinaldo. But faced with superior fire power, the Katipunan Revolutionaries found themselves losing most of the battles, and were forced into Biak-na-Bato. Here they signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato, where the Filipino leaders agreed to cease revolutionary actions, in exchange for 20 million pesos, and exile to Hong Kong in 1897.

But soon, the Spanish-American War broke out in 1898, and Admiral George Dewey requested the aid of Aguinaldo and his revolutionaries to help in the Philippine Campaign, and soon the Revolution had started all over again.

Church Lads and Church Girls Brigade

The Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade is a Church of England youth organisation with branches in the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, Barbados, Bermuda, Kenya, South Africa, Newfoundland and St Helena. It was founded in 1891 as the Church Lads' Brigade with its sister organisation, the Church Nursing and Ambulance Brigade for Young Women and Girls, later the Church Girls' Brigade, founded in 1901. The two Brigades amalgamated in 1978 to form the Church Lads' and Church Girls' Brigade.

The Brigade's Patron Saint is St Martin of Tours. A banner depicting St Martin, which was presented by the Brigade in 1921 to honour those members who lost their lives in the First World War, is kept at Westminster Abbey.

Members will arrive and be instructed, subs will be taken before moving onto badgework. This can last between 10 minutes and an hour depending on the age of the children (see Sections). The members are then instructed to fall in and do drill before moving onto games. Lastly, the Brigade Prayer is said before any notices are given out. Sweets are available at the end of the night.

Taking groups away is a large part of the Brigade, while there may be only two or three camps a year at company level, there are many more when escalated through battalion, regimental and national levels.

There are several national camps available, one being a trip to Butlins and another being 'spring adventure' (the location varies), these are both early in the year. While in these examples members are not in tents, many brigade companies choose to take their members on expeditions, sometimes working towards their Duke of Edinburgh's Award. Members are taught how to put a tent up, to cook for themselves and campsite etiquette.

European Youth Forum

The European Youth Forum (YFJ) is a platform that brings together tens of millions of young people from all over Europe and represents their common interests. Independently established by youth organisations, the YFJ is a platform made up of more than 90 National Youth Councils and International Non-Governmental Youth Organisations, which are federations of youth organisations in themselves.

As the biggest regional youth platform in the world, the European Youth Forum works to deepen European integration while also contributing to the development of youth work in other regions of the world.

Presidents: Ms Bettina Schwarzmayr (2007-today); Mr Renaldas Vaisbrodas (2005-2006); Mr Giaccomo Filibeck (2003-2004); Mr Henrik Söderman (2001-2002); Mr Pau Solanilla (1999-2000); Ms Pauliina Arola (1997-1998).

Secretary Generals: Mr Diogo Pinto (2005-today); Ms Johanna Tzanidaki (2002-2005); Mr Kim Svendsen (2001-2002); Tobias Flessenkemper (1999-2001); Ms Hrönn Pettursdorttir (1997-1998); Mr Stephen Grogan (1997).

Increase the participation of young people and youth organisations in society, as well as in decision-making processes;
Positively influence policy issues affecting young people and youth organisations, by being a recognised partner for international institutions, namely the European Union, the Council of Europe and the United Nations;
Promote the concept of youth policy as an integrated and cross-sectoral element of overall policy development;
Facilitate the participation of young people through the development of sustainable and independent youth organisations at the national and international level;
Foster the exchange of ideas and experience, mutual understanding, and equal rights and opportunities among young people in Europe;
Uphold intercultural understanding, democracy, respect, active citizenship and solidarity.

Galahad

Sir Galahad is a knight of King Arthur's Round Table and one of the three achievers of the Holy Grail in Arthurian legend. He is the bastard son of Sir Lancelot and Elaine of Carbonek, and is renowned for his gallantry and purity. He is perhaps the knightly embodiment of Jesus in the Arthurian legends. He first appears in the Lancelot-Grail cycle, and his story is taken up in later works such as the Post-Vulgate Cycle and Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur.

In 1949 Galahad was featured in his own Columbia serial, played by George Reeves, the future Superman. It was the first, and only, Arthurian film serial. However Galahad has fared less well in other cinematic retellings of the Matter of Britain. In Knights of the Round Table and Merlin he is only shown as a child, (though he is destined to find the Grail after the action of each film); and is left out of Excalibur and Camelot altogether. Galahad had a minor part in King Arthur, as an adult but not as the son of Lancelot.

Galahad appeared as a villain in the Grant Morrison work The Shining Knight in his Seven Soldiers series where he is called both Galahad the Giant Killer and Galahad the Perfect Knight. He was brought under the control of the series main antagonists, the Sheeda, and fought against Sir Justin the Shining Knight. Galahad was the subject of a song by Rick Wakeman and is used as a metaphor in a song by Joan Baez ("Sweet Sir Galahad"), and is mentioned in the song "Tin Man" by the band America. Galahad is also the name of a lager produced by well known German retailer Aldi. Galahad also is one of the Knights of the Round Table portrayed in the computer game Runescape. During the quest known as "The Holy Grail", he provides the player with a special item that allows a person to eventually find the grail. The Mega Drive/Genesis version of the computer game Leander is known as Legend of Galahad.

Overseas Filipino

An Overseas Filipino is a person of Philippine origin who lives outside of the Philippines. This term applies both to people of Filipino ancestry who now live and reside as citizens of a different country, and those who continue to be Filipino citizens and those supporting their families back in the Philippines. It may also extend to Filipinos having extended holidays abroad, however, common usage does not usually include this group.

The term Global Filipino is now also being used to refer to a Filipino citizen who lives and works abroad. The performance of the Philippine economy over recent decades, combined with a widespread knowledge of English, a legacy of the Philippines' position as a former United States colony, have made Filipinos one of the most internationally mobile nationalities. Filipino workers greatly contribute to this, as they need to support their families back at home. As a result, many countries around the world have a substantial Filipino community.

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo recently coined the term Overseas Filipino Investor or OFI for Filipino expatriates. This is due to the direct economic contributions of Overseas Filipinos in means of remittances, buying property back in the Philippines, and creating businesses that would help job creation back home.

An Overseas Filipino Worker (often abbreviated as OFW) is a Filipino who is employed in work outside the Philippines. Some eight million Filipinos, out of a population of 80 million, have left the country to seek work abroad, attracted by jobs with salaries that far exceed those of jobs available in the Philippines. These jobs often include nursing, technology, fishing, and teaching, although a third are composed of unskilled workers. Money sent by OFWs back to the Philippines is a major factor in the country's economy, amounting to more than US$10 billion in 2005. This makes the country the fourth largest recipient of foreign remittances behind India, China and Mexico. The amount represents 13.5% of the Philippines' GDP, the largest in proportion to the domestic economy among the four countries mentioned.

Centre for the Talented Youth of Ireland

Alibata feature The Centre for the Talented Youth of Ireland (CTYI) is a youth programme for students between the ages of six and sixteen of high academic ability (generally scoring at the 95th percentile on assessment tests for 6-13 year olds and 97th percentile for 12-16 year olds) in Ireland.

CTYI was founded in 1992 and is based at Dublin City University in Glasnevin, Dublin 9. Colm O'Reilly has been its director since 2005. The centre offers various courses for gifted students as well as conducting research and promoting the needs of the talented in Ireland.

Some of the students at the summer programme come from overseas, mostly from the United States. Owing to the intensive nature of the programme, most of the 250-300 students who attend each session are residential, living in college accommodation for the duration of the course.

Weekdays in the summer programme are highly structured. Classes run from 9am to 3pm, with an hour's break for lunch. Activities take place from 3.15pm to 5pm, supervised by the residential assistants (RAs). Between 5pm and 7pm students have dinner and are required to attend a meeting with their RA group. 7pm to 9pm is taken up by the study period, which is supervised by the teaching assistant. Social hour takes place between 9pm and 10pm, with lights-out at 10.30pm. On weekends, social activities such as discos, shopping trips, visits to the cinema, excursions to various interesting sights in Ireland, talent shows, casino nights and so on are organised.

The centre runs correspondence courses throughout the year for 12-16-year-olds and also for Transition Year students who do not have to fulfil any aptitude test requirements. Courses include Creative Writing/Writing By Mail, Journalism, Psychology, Philosophy and Legal Studies.

These are once-off days at DCU, usually Saturdays, which feature a lecture or series of lectures on a particular topic of interest, e.g. "The Science behind Superheros".

Baybayin or Alibata

Baybayin or Alibata (known in Unicode as the Tagalog script) is a pre-Hispanic Philippine writing system that originated from the Javanese script Old Kawi. The writing system is a member of the Brahmic family (and an offshoot of the Vatteluttu alphabet) and is believed to be in use as early as the 14th century. It continued to be in use during the Spanish colonization of the Philippines up until the late 19th Century. The term baybayin literally means syllables. Closely related scripts are Hanunóo, Buhid, and Tagbanwa.

Carlos P. Romulo

Carlos Peña Romulo (b. 14 January 1899, Camiling, Tarlac, Philippines - d. 15 December 1985, Manila, Philippines) was a Filipino diplomat, politician, soldier, journalist and author. He was a reporter at 16, a newspaper editor by the age of 20, and a publisher at 32. He is the co-founder of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines.

He served as Resident Commissioner of the Philippines to the United States Congress from 1944 to 1946. He was the signatory for the Philippines to the United Nations Charter when it was founded in 1946. He was the Philippines' Secretary (Minister from 1973 to 1984) of Foreign Affairs under President Elpidio Quirino from 1950 to 1952, under President Diosdado Macapagal from 1963 to 1964 and under President Ferdinand Marcos from 1968 to 1984.

Romulo, in all, wrote and published 18 books, which included The United (novel), I Walked with Heroes (autobiography), I Saw the Fall of the Philippines, Mother America and I See the Philippines Rise (war-time memoirs).

He died, at 86, in Manila on 15th of December 1985 and was buried the Heroes’ Cemetery (Libingan ng mga Bayani). He was honoured as the Philippines’ greatest diplomat in the 20th Century and perhaps in history. In 1980, he was extolled by United Nations Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim as "Mr. United Nations" for his valuable services to the United Nations and his dedication to freedom and world peace.

European Free Alliance Youth

European Free Alliance Youth is a youth organisation made up of members who belong to organisations, movements or political parties that safeguard and promote the cultural, linguistic and national diversity of Europe. The EFAY therefore is an alliance of the youth branches of nationalist and regionalist political parties and organizations throughout Europe, who are actively engaged at the State-Regional and European level. Our members work towards a greater recognition of European diversity.

Secretary General: Tijl Vereenooghe (Jong Spirit, Flanders)
Treasurer: Harkaitz Millan (Gazte Abertzaleak, Basque Country)
Vice President: Philippe Sour (Partit Occitan, Occitany)
Vice President: Reinhild Campidell (Junge Union, South Tyrol)
Vice President: Andreas Dahlén (Aland Framtid, Aland)
Vice President: Jura Novotny (Moravane, Moravia)
Vice President: Michael Schulz (Upper Silesian Youth, Silesia)

Federation of Student Nationalists.
Student Federation (Plaid Cymru).
Meybyon Kernow - the Party for Cornwall.

Big Brothers Big Sisters of America

Big Brothers Big Sisters of America is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization whose mission is to help children reach their potential through professionally supported, one-to-one relationships with mentors that have a measurable impact on youth.

The children are called "Little Brothers" and "Little Sisters", or collectively, 'littles' contrasting to the 'bigs' used collectively to refer to the adults. Big Brothers Big Sisters mentors children, ages 6 through 18. Matches are (Big)male-(Little)male, female-male, and female-female.

In 1904, a young New York City court clerk named Ernest Kent Coulter was seeing more and more boys come through his courtroom. He recognized that caring adults could help many of these kids stay out of trouble, and he set out to find volunteers. That marked the beginning of Big Brothers Big Sisters of New York City and the Big Brothers movement. By 1916, Big Brothers had spread to 96 cities across the country.

In its most recent review, Big Brothers Big Sisters was selected by Forbes Magazine as one of its top ten charities, making the publication’s “gold star” list of charities worthy of donor consideration. The magazine surveyed 200 non-profits and rated them on how efficiently they collect and distribute dollars. Forbes looked at three categories: charitable commitment; fundraising efficiency, and donor dependency.

Big Brothers Big Sisters of America is rated a 4-star charity by Charity Navigator, America’s premier charity evaluator. The top rating reflects organizational efficiency and capacity.

Big Brothers Big Sisters of America meets the BBB Wise Giving Alliance's Standards for Charity Accountability.

Big Brothers Big Sisters received the American Institute of Philanthropy's highest rating, an A+

Antonio Luna

Antonio Luna y Novicio (October 29, 1866 - June 5, 1899) was a Filipino pharmacist and military general who fought in the Philippine-American War. He founded the Philippines's first military academy.

His early schooling was at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, where he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1881. He went on to study literature and chemistry at the University of Santo Tomas, where he won first prize for a paper in chemistry titled Two Fundamental Bodies of Chemistry. On the invitation of his brother Juan, he continued his studies in Spain, obtaining the degree of Licentiate in Pharmacy from the University of Barcelona. He pursued further studies and in 1890 obtained the degree of Doctor of Pharmacy from the Universidad Central de Madrid.

Antonio Luna was born in Urbiztondo, Binondo, Manila. He was the youngest of seven siblings of Joaquin Luna and Laureana Novicio, both from wealthy families of Badoc, Ilocos Norte. His older brother, Juan Luna, was an accomplished, prize-winning painter who studied in the Madrid Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando.

The demise of General Luna, the most brilliant and capable of the Filipino generals, was a decisive factor in the fight against the American forces. Subsequently, Aguinaldo suffered successive, disastrous losses in the field, retreating towards northern Luzon. In less than two years, Aguinaldo was captured in Isabela by American forces led by General Funston, and later made to pledge allegiance to the United States.

Mariano Trías

Alibata - Mariano Trías y Closas (October 12, 1868 – February 22, 1914) is considered to be the first de facto Philippine Vice President of that revolutionary government established at the Tejeros Convention - an assembly of Philippine revolutionary leaders that elected officials of the revolutionary movement against the colonial government of Spain. When that assembly broke into factions, a truce known as the Pact of Biak na Bato was signed by the group and also recognized the elected officials and Trias as the vice president of Emilio Aguinaldo, who is also considered to be the first President of the Philippines. With the promulgation of the Malolos Constitution by the Malolos Convention, the First Philippine Republic was born. Under this Aguinaldo administration, Trias served in the cabinet as the Minister of War and Finance.

When two councils of the Katipunan revolutionist came into existence (namely, the Sangguniang Bayang Magdiwang and the Sangguniang Bayang Magdalo), both factions set up their respective councils of leaders. Trias became the Minister of Justice and grace of the Magdiwang group.

He was married to María Concepción Ferrer with whom he had eight children.

The Filipino nation expressed its gratitude to General Trias, when the town of San Francisco de Malabon was renamed after him by virtue of Act No. 2880.

Royal Rangers

Royal Rangers is a worldwide movement of the Assemblies of God designed to provide young people with activities while providing them with religious instruction. A camping theme is at the heart of most activities, along with a merit award system whereby Royal Rangers must demonstrate specific knowledge and abilities. Since 1962, this program, developed originally by North Texas Youth Director Rev. John Henry "Johnnie" Barnes, has since spread from the Assemblies of God to many other denominations (notably the International Pentecostal Holiness Church) and from the United States to over 73 countries. Most of the sponsoring churches sponsor Royal Rangers as an alternative to more secular youth movements such as Scouting. Royal Rangers International and Royal Rangers America do not consider themselves as part of the Scouting movement, although Royal Rangers Germany does.

The Royal Rangers Emblem is a stylized compass rose containing points in three different colors: Red, Blue, and Gold. Each color has a different meaning.

Age groups In the United States, the boys in Royal Rangers are divided into four groups

Ranger Kids (Kindergarten-2nd Grade) Discovery Rangers (3rd Grade-5th Grade) Adventure Rangers (6th Grade-8th Grade) Expedition Rangers (9th Grade-12th Grade.

Basque Nationalist Party

The Basque Nationalist Party is a Basque nationalist party; as of 2007 is the largest political party in the Basque Autonomous Community. It led Basque regional government under the Spanish Second Republic and has done so again during the democratic decades following the rule of Francisco Franco.

In Basque it is called Eusko Alderdi Jeltzalea (EAJ) and in Spanish it is called the Partido Nacionalista Vasco (PNV). In Spain it is commonly referred to as EAJ-PNV. The French branch is the Parti Nationaliste Basque (PNB).The chairman of the EBB of EAJ-PNV is Iñigo Urkullu.

The youth wing of the Basque Nationalist Party is Euzko Gaztedi-EGI.

The party also has offices among the Basque diaspora, mainly Venezuela, Argentina, Mexico, Uruguay, Chile and the United States.

Initially, the Defence Committees in Biscay and Guipuzcoa were dominated by the Popular Front. Although with enough difficulties, Basque autonomy was granted within the Second Spanish Republic and the new Basque Government immediately organized the Basque Army, consisting of militias recruited by each of the political organizations, including PNV.

Mariano Gómez

Reverend Father Mariano Gómez was born on the 2 of August,1799 in the suburb of Sta. Cruz, Manila. He had Chinese and Spanish ancestries. His parents were Francisco Gomez and Martina Guard. After studying in the Colegio de San Juan de Letrán, he took theology in the University of Santo Tomás.

On June 2, 1824, he was designated the head priest of Bacoor, Cavite, aside from taking care of the spiritual necessities of the church of the town, he also taught to the agriculture and cottage industry. He also helped in maintaining a harmonious relation with his other priests. He fought for the rights of the Philippine priests against the Spanish abuses of friars.

The P. Gomez was accused of treason, sedition, and taking active part in the armed revolution of Cavite and given the sentence of death in a military court . He was sent to jail along with Fr. Jose Burgos, Fr. Jacinto Zamora, Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and Maximo Paterno.and were executed on February 17.1872. They were more known as the three Filipino martyrs Gomburza. Father Gomez was active in the publication of the newspaper "La Verdad"("The Truth"). This paper served as a voice of the propagandists the Philippines against the Spanish colonizers. In the presence of a multitude people Father Gomez was put under the garrotte in Bagumbayan on 17 February, 1872.

Gomburza

Gomburza or GOMBURZA is an acronym for Fathers Mariano Gómez, José Apolonio Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, three Filipino priests who were executed on February 17, 1872 at Bagumbayan in Manila, Philippines by Spanish colonial authorities on charges of subversion arising from the 1872 Cavite Mutiny. Their execution left a profound effect on many Filipinos; José Rizal, the national hero, would dedicate his novel Noli Me Tangere to their memory.

The uprising by workers in the Cavite Naval Yard was the pretext needed by the authorities to redress a perceived humiliation from the principal objective, Father Jose Burgos, who threatened the established order.

The so-called Cavite Mutiny of workers in the arsenal of the naval shipyard over pay reduction owing to increased taxation produced a willing witness to implicate the three priests, who were summarily tried and sentenced to death by garrote. The bodies of the three priests were buried in a common, unmarked grave in the Paco Cemetery, in keeping with the practice of burying enemies of the state.[2] Significantly, in the archives of Spain, there is no record of how Izquierdo, himself a liberal, could have been influenced to authorize these executions. The aftermath of the investigation produced scores of suspects most of whom were exiled to Guam in the Marianas. Except for a few who managed to escape to other ports like Hong Kong, most died there.

Benigno Aquino, Jr.

Benigno Servillano A. Aquino, Jr. (November 27, 1932 – August 21, 1983), popularly known as Ninoy Aquino, was a Philippine senator and a leading oppositionist to the autocratic rule of Ferdinand Marcos. He was assassinated at the Manila International Airport (now named the Ninoy Aquino International Airport in his honor) upon returning home from exile in the United States. His death catapulted his widow, Corazon Aquino, to the limelight and the presidency, subsequently replacing the 20-year-old Marcos regime.

Benigno Aquino was no stranger to Philippine politics. He came from a family that had been involved with some of the country's political heavyweights. His grandfather served under President Aguinaldo while his father held office under Presidents Manuel Quezon and Jose P. Laurel. Benigno Aquino became the youngest municipal mayor at age 22, and the nation's youngest vice-governor at 27. He became governor of Tarlac province in 1961 at age 29, then secretary-general of the Liberal Party in 1966. In 1967 he made history by becoming the youngest elected senator in the country's history at age 34. He was the only "survivor" of the Liberal Party who made it to the senate, where he was inevitably singled out by Marcos and his allies as their greatest threat. In 1968, during his first year in the Upper House, Aquino warned that Marcos was on the road to establishing "a garrison state" by "ballooning the armed forces budget", saddling the defense establishment with "overstaying generals" and "militarizing our civilian government offices"--all these caveats were uttered barely four years before martial law.

Coptic orphans

Coptic Orphans (CO) is a non-profit organization founded in 1989 with the goal of the long-term development of the physical and intellectual well being of children in Egypt. Every year it help hundreds of needy children and their families financially, intellectually and socially.

Coptic Orphans exists to improve the lives of orphans and other vulnerable children in Egypt by providing basic needs, education, and mentoring so that they may realize their potential to become productive members of society. Coptic Orphans also exists to raise awareness about poverty in Egypt and promote cultural understanding.

Since its inception, Coptic Orphans has assisted over 10,500 children through the Not Alone program, bringing educational, nutritional, and social support to children who would otherwise have limited to none of these options. Through this program, child advocates and reps are made available to families in order to both, create awareness of, and to take advantage of their rights, such as those that relate to pensions, literacy classes, and other community activities available to them in the area. Children who enter the Not Alone program remain in the program until they graduate from high school or university, for which they are also given different forms of assistance.

The Serve to Learn program allows volunteers from the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia to serve in high-poverty areas of Egypt, such as Beni-suef, Matay, King Mariut, Qus/Nekada and other by volunteering to teach English summer courses to children.

CommonAction

CommonAction, founded in 2005, is a U.S. nonprofit organization promoting civic engagement for youth throughout society based in Olympia, Washington. Their programs, operating in Washington State, New York State, Florida, and Alberta, Canada, include The Freechild Project and SoundOut.

The mission of CommonAction is to create uncommon solutions to common problems by engaging young people and adults together for democracy. In order to accomplish this mission, CommonAction offers programs that provide training, tools, and technical assistance to community organizations, foundations, schools, and individual youth and adults. Topics addressed in these programs include youth voice, student voice, youth participation, and youth rights among others.

CommonAction is presided over by a Board of Directors, and supported by Advisory Boards, and staff members. Currently, the Board of Directors includes James Livengood, Jessica Vavrus, Kari Kunst, Adrienne Wiley-Thomas, Patricia Finnegan, Sarah Rich, and Doug Smith.

Adam Fletcher is the Executive Director of CommonAction. has worked in youth-serving nonprofit organizations, including AmeriCorps, the Washington State Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, the Points of Light Foundation, and the Corporation for National and Community Service, since 1997.

Fletcher is a recognized international authority on youth. The United States Department of Education has cited Fletcher's work related to student voice, along with state education agencies and national education associations, as well as by independent education experts. Additionally, Fletcher has been cited for his work with focused on youth engagement in social change. Fletcher has been featured in one newspaper, and is quoted on a variety of youth issues by magazines, newspapers across the country, and youth themselves.

At present Fletcher also serves as a contributing editor to the academic journal Review of Education, Pedagogy and Cultural Studies and on boards for the Generation Y Foundation and the National Youth Rights Association.

Graciano Lopez Jaena

Graciano Lopez Jaena' - On December 18, 1856, saw the birth of Graciano López Jaena in Jaro, Iloilo to Placido López and Maria Jacoba Jaena. His parents were poor, as his mother was a seamstress and his father, a general repairman. His father, however, had been to school and his mother was quite religious. At the age of six, young Graciano was placed under the watch of Father Francisco Jayme who noted his intellectual promise, especially his gift of speech.

His mother, feeling that the priesthood was the most noble of occupations and sent him to the Seminario de San Vicente Ferrer in Jaro which had been opened under the brief liberal administration of Governor General Carlos de la Torre. Here again, his talents were noted. While studying at this seminary, López Jaena served as a secretary to an uncle, Claudio López who was honorary vice consul of Portugal in Iloilo. He even took charge of some minor matters that were brought to that office.

Unfortunately, Lopez Jaena died of tuberculosis on January 20, 1896. His death was followed on July 4th by Marcelo H. del Pilar and on December 30th of José Rizal by firing squad, thus ending the great triumvirate of propagandists. He died in poverty just shy of his fortieth birthday and two and a half years before the declaration of independence from Spain by Emilio Aguinaldo.

Keep in Mind: propagandists are those who resided in Spain to write against the Spaniards. They tried to alert the King and Queen of Spain but not much read La Solidaridad for it had only been published in small areas due to the scarcity of money of the Filipinos. La Solidaridad was the voice of the Filipinos. The one that spoke for them to another nation.

Teodoro Plata

Teodoro Plata (died February 6, 1897) was a Filipino patriot who was among those who founded the Katipunan that sparked the Philippine Revolution against Spain in 1896.

He met Andres Bonifacio at a boarding house in Manila along with Ladislao Diwa who was then a law student at the University of Santo Tomas. Bonifacio, Diwa and Plata were all freemasons who were inspired by the nationalistic objectives of the Propaganda Movement in Europe.

Plata was a member of La Liga Filipina, which was founded by Jose Rizal to push for reforms in the Spanish colonial administration. But he agreed with Bonifacio and Diwa who believed that the time was ripe for an armed uprising against Spain.

On July 6, 1892, upon learning of Rizal's deportation to Dapitan in Mindanao, Plata, Bonifacio and Diwa decided to form a secret society to prepare for a revolution against Spain. The following day, they met with their friends and fellow freemasons Deodato Arellano, Valentin Diaz and Jose Dizon at a house in Tondo and established the Katipunan.

In 1892, he served as the secretary of the secret society with Arellano as president, Bonifacio as comptroller, Diwa as fiscal, and Diaz as treasurer.

In 1893, under the presidency of Roman Basa, Plata served as councilor and it was at this time that the society organized a women's auxiliary section. One of its first members was Plata's cousin Gregoria de Jesus, who wrote in her autobiography that Plata was Bonifacio's constant companion when he would call at their house in Caloocan to court her.